(The penultimate volume "The Literary Man, the True Man, the Ultimate Song" is just a continuation of the previous volume of the Demonic Illustration and the Starry Sky Illustration; the last volume is the fourth part = complete;
The first book in my life is really a book that paints the sky and slaughters the crows; it easily sweeps in all the people from all over the world, including ancient and modern times, as well as those who pass by me; it can be regarded as the ultimate rebellion! Have a great weekend! Go chase the time! )
"She doesn't want to read between the lines of what someone says to her. If someone says to her: I admire you so much, she removes the underlying sexual connotation of the sentence The person she's speaking to seems to her to be sincere. and respectful, just like whether the table is round or square, and the wallpaper is blue or gray." - "Being and Nothingness"
Another question that arises concerns human responsibility. When a person makes a choice, he also recommends his choice to others. He has the freedom of choice and must bear responsibility for all consequences.
An example is a French family during World War II. The father worked for the Germans. The eldest of the two sons died, and the younger son stayed with his mother.
The younger son knows that he is very important to his mother and cannot leave her. But on the other hand, as a Frenchman, he hopes to join the French resistance in England, liberate his motherland and avenge his brother.
In this way, the younger son was caught in a dilemma. He asked Saudi Arabia, and the answer he received was that you make your own choice. No matter what the consequences are, you must bear responsibility for it.
In his later years, his thoughts changed and he focused more on the macro level of society. I also began to acknowledge that freedom itself has its limits. It is also difficult to realize that people should be held responsible for their own actions.
He tried to change Marx¡¯s philosophy and connect Marx¡¯s philosophy with human studies. Its ideological content is relatively rich. If you want to fully understand it, you also need to study Heidegger's analysis of existence and Husserl's analysis of intentional structure.
"As for the material world, he holds a vague but direct realist view. He was influenced by German philosophy and his writing is quite obscure. His philosophy has distinctive personal characteristics.
Nothingness is the fundamental quality of human consciousness as its own existence. When people project their ideal self towards the future. He is no longer just himself at the moment. At this time, he looked back at himself from his ideal state and denied himself in front of him.
To deny yourself is to nihilize yourself in front of you. but. The ideal by which people deny the current state has not yet been realized. So it is also a kind of nothingness. This way. Life is completely filled with nothingness. However, nothingness does not mean denying the meaning of life.
On the contrary, Saudi Arabia believes. Only in this way can we affirm the meaning of being human. Because if man is just a fixed object, he will be at the mercy of man. Isn't this the greatest negation of man?
?Perhaps it would be more appropriate for us to use lack to explain the meaning of nothingness. When a person has an ideal in his heart and compares it with the various shortcomings of the current situation, he is in a state of deficiency.
Saudi Arabia pointed out in the article "Existentialism is a Kind of Humanism" that human existence is created by oneself.
"Human beings first exist, encounter various encounters, the world fluctuates, and then limit themselves. Because people have nothing at the beginning, and they only become something later."
"Existentialism is a Humanism"
"So there is no such thing as human nature, because there is no God to create this concept, and human beings exist nakedly. He is not what he imagines himself to be, but what he wants to be; only after he exists can he imagine what he is. This It is after his leap into existence that man is nothing but self-fashioning.
To me, other people are like thieves who want to steal my world, bring me into their orbit, become a being in themselves, an object or a thing.
So, I am no longer a free subject, but a slave of others, degenerating from a being to myself to a being in myself. How do I regain my freedom and my own subjectivity?
The only way here is to objectify others. If others are just objects and exist within myself, then I will not become his object.
I can shatter other people¡¯s worlds and remove other people¡¯s freedom through my vision. But this approach cannot always be successful, because the existence of others is an irreducible fact. Others are not created by me, but encountered by me. The other person remained there, threatening me, ready to retaliate with his looks.
Eventually, relationships become a cycle of mutual objectification; this is inevitable. I affirm myself by objectifying others, and then others objectify me to affirm themselves, and then I objectify others to affirm myself If this goes on, there will be no time. Therefore, Saudi Arabia believes that people?Conflict and communication failure are inevitable results.
People should not only control others as objects, but also control others as free beings (beings to themselves). In other words, people want to possess others as free beings.
This is a great desire of human beings. We aspire not only to the other person's body (as a body that exists in oneself), but also to the other person himself.
For example, in the act of caressing in love, what we get is not like what we get after eating an apple, but we still want to caress and still expect to gain something from the act of caressing.
According to the Saudi perspective, caressing is an act in which we expect ourselves to identify with another person.
However, all these purposes of possessing others will ultimately fail. Because these purposes themselves are contradictory.
In the relationship between people, everyone must dominate others and possess others. But when everyone has to do this, people cannot help but become the object of others and be possessed by others. Therefore, the purpose of possessing others will eventually fail.
In Saudi Arabia¡¯s writings, the situation in which people look at me and I look at you has its own special philosophical significance.
Since when a person realizes that he is being looked at by others, he will feel uneasy. He has become the object of others and is possessed by others. Therefore, in order to reaffirm himself, he will look at that person instead. His person, transform that person into his own object again, only in this way can he feel free again.
As a result, interpersonal relationships simply revolve around suppressing others and being suppressed by others. There is no real communication between people, and everyone cannot see each other. They just struggle alone to achieve their own freedom.
Saudi Arabia¡¯s philosophy of life discusses five situations faced by beings: 1. My position. 2 my past. 3 around me. 4 my death. 5 my neighbor.
Saudi Arabia also uses the story of slaves in chains to illustrate the human condition ("Being and Nothingness").
A slave under a chain is free, and he can be determined to break the chain, which means: the meaning of the chain itself is revealed according to the purpose he chooses; he can choose to continue to be a slave, or he can choose to take the greatest risk and escape from the status of a slave.
Of course, the slave will not have access to the master's wealth and standard of living, but these will not be the objects of his schemes. He can only dream of possessing these riches, and his reality is that the world appears to him in another aspect, so that he should face and solve different problems.
?????????????????????????? He must fundamentally choose himself in the position of slave, and thereby give a meaning to even this humble restraint.
For example, if he chooses to resist, then the status of a slave is not an obstacle to this resistance from the beginning. It can only obtain its meaning and accompanying adversity through resistance.
Because resistance and the lives of slaves who died in the process of resistance are free lives, because the situation inspired by a free project is substantial and concrete, because the urgent and primary question of this life is: Can I achieve my goal? Purpose?
Because of all this, the situation of the slave is incomparable with that of the master. Either environment can actually gain meaning only for the being-in-situ and from the free choice of the being-for-self and its goals.
The existence of oneself is temporal, which means that he originally has nothing and he creates himself. To persevere in a single free project is not to never change that project. On the contrary, we see that the projects I engage in can be eternally renewed. Man is nothing but self-fashioning. (To be continued, please search Piaotian Literature. The novels will be better and updated faster!