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Text Chapter 438: Discussion of Table Legs

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    The reason why Empress Dowager Ci'an gave such an evaluation is by no means without reason.  She, the Empress Dowager Cixi, Prince Gong Wenxiang and other important court officials all know that China's current border situation is very serious. From a strategic perspective, resolving the Xinjiang issue is a top priority and there are certain opportunities and conditions.  From a longer-term strategic perspective, the construction of the navy cannot wait for the future.  The theory of the "block defense" school is clear and unambiguous, and the claims of the "coastal defense school" are also based on actual threats.  And whether it is fortification defense or coastal defense, it will cost a lot of money!  But now the Qing Dynasty, after experiencing the Taiping Rebellion, simply cannot spare the money to take care of both!  But Lin Yizhe's excerpt clearly pointed out a truth - a country's establishment of a navy is not just to prevent foreign gunboats from breaking the tranquility of the maritime frontier. Navy ships can pull the old and decadent Celestial Kingdom out of tradition.  head to the World!  It can bring about the prosperity of the country and fundamental changes in society!  The ministers in the court would never have thought of this step of truth! ??????????????????? Lin Yizhe also conducted detailed research on the history of the Chinese exploring the ocean and opening up maritime routes, and pointed out that this is nothing new, but has existed since ancient times!  Historically, the Chinese people¡¯s understanding of the strategic position and value of the ocean has been a process of continuous deepening.  This process continues to deepen and expand with the jump in social productivity and the improvement of ocean development levels.  From ancient times to the 15th century, the Chinese who came into contact with the ocean were mainly residents living in coastal areas. Their main activities in using the ocean were sailing along the coast, collecting shellfish and fishing small fish, and using seawater to make salt.  The Chinese regard ocean management as a natural extension of land-based farming, fishing and hunting life, that is, "the convenience of boating and the development of fish and salt".  Lin Yizhe researched the "Book of Changes" and found a record of "cutting wood to make a boat, and cutting wood to make a keel. The benefit of the boat keel is to help those who are in trouble, and to travel far is to benefit the world."  "Historical Records: Qi Taigong Family" records that Qi Guoqing and Prime Minister Guan Zhong put forward the policy proposition of "only officials, mountains and seas can be heard".  During the Warring States Period, Han Feizi once again emphasized the importance of ocean development when summarizing his experience in governing the country. He also made the famous assertion that "the country will become rich after experiencing mountains and seas."  Lin Yizhe also pointed out that China¡¯s pace of maritime development is not later than that of Europe.  Since the late Tang Dynasty, Chinese society has begun to deviate from the original orbit of the inland empire, and has developed a development direction of "head resting on the southeast and facing the ocean."  A large number of port cities with prosperous maritime trade activities have emerged along the eastern coast.  During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China was in an absolute leading position in shipbuilding technology and maritime orientation technology.  Navigation compasses have been used on large maritime ships built in the country at least during the Huizong period of the Northern Song Dynasty.  Arrived in the Ming Dynasty.  Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ignored the ban on founding the country and began maritime exploration almost at the same time as the Europeans.  In more than 20 years from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led what was then the world's most powerful fleet, consisting of more than 20,000 people and one to two hundred ships, on seven voyages to the Western Ocean. Zheng He's voyages not only reached the level of "Yu Huang"  The political purpose of "powering the world" has also greatly contributed to the development of China's private maritime trade.  However, Zheng He¡¯s seven voyages to the West are the pinnacle of ancient Chinese navigation.  It is also the first sign of serious setbacks in China's maritime development direction.  In 1433, after Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji approved Zheng He's last maritime expedition, he issued a strict "sea ban" prohibiting coastal residents from engaging in foreign trade activities.  The Ming Empire, which had about a thousand warships, thus gave up its sea power and said goodbye to the sea.  Lin Yizhe pointed out that it was the maritime ban in the Ming Dynasty that caused the country to lose tax revenue.  Coupled with the prevalence of smuggling and the invasion of Japanese pirates, the Ming Dynasty's national power quickly declined and eventually perished!  ¡°Strong enemies are on all sides, and both land and sea are in danger¡± was once a prominent feature of China¡¯s security environment in modern times.  After the Opium War, some people of insight had a clearer understanding of the serious crisis in the maritime direction and successively proposed countermeasures.  Lin Zexu can be called the first senior official of the Qing Dynasty to open his eyes to the ocean and see the world.  The thinker Wei Yuan accepted Lin Zexu's commission and compiled the great work "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" in one hundred volumes; he put forward a series of proposals for building naval and coastal defense.  He pioneered China's modern coastal defense thought and became an outstanding enlightener of coastal defense thought.  Wei Yuan pointed out that the best way to resist the invasion of powerful enemies is to "strictly build up military preparedness," especially at sea, because invading enemies mainly come from the sea.  Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China¡¯s democratic revolution, also lamented the times of ¡°sadly questioning the maritime power of East Asia¡± and warned future generations: ¡°But the future Pacific issues are really related to the survival of our Chinese nation and the fate of the Chinese nation.¡±  However, due to the deep-rooted traditional concept of "valuing land over sea", the ruling class has always been difficult to find a balance between "coastal defense" and "fortress defense."  ¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù¡ù$%^*(*&*^%$# The reason why Empress Dowager Ci'an gave such an evaluation is by no means without reason  . She, the Empress Dowager Cixi, Prince Gong Wenxiang and other important officials in the court all know that China's current border situation is very serious. From a strategic perspective, solving the Xinjiang issue is a top priority.?There are certain opportunities and conditions.  From a longer-term strategic perspective, the construction of the navy cannot wait for the future.  The theory of the "block defense" school is clear and unambiguous, and the claims of the "coastal defense school" are also based on actual threats.  And whether it is fortification defense or coastal defense, it will cost a lot of money!  But now the Qing Dynasty, after experiencing the Taiping Rebellion, simply cannot spare the money to take care of both!  But Lin Yizhe's excerpt clearly pointed out a truth - a country's establishment of a navy is not just to prevent foreign gunboats from breaking the tranquility of the maritime frontier. Navy ships can pull the old and decadent Celestial Kingdom out of tradition.  head to the World!  It can bring about the prosperity of the country and fundamental changes in society!  The ministers in the court would never have thought of this step of truth! ??????????????????? Lin Yizhe also conducted detailed research on the history of the Chinese exploring the ocean and opening up maritime routes, and pointed out that this is nothing new, but has existed since ancient times!  Historically, the Chinese people¡¯s understanding of the strategic position and value of the ocean has been a process of continuous deepening.  This process continues to deepen and expand with the jump in social productivity and the improvement of ocean development levels.  From ancient times to the 15th century, the Chinese who came into contact with the ocean were mainly residents living in coastal areas. Their main activities in using the ocean were sailing along the coast, collecting shellfish and fishing small fish, and using seawater to make salt.  The Chinese regard ocean management as a natural extension of land-based farming, fishing and hunting life, that is, "the convenience of boating and the development of fish and salt".  Lin Yizhe researched the "Book of Changes" and found a record of "cutting wood to make a boat, and cutting wood to make a keel. The benefit of the boat keel is to help those who are in trouble, and to travel far is to benefit the world."  "Historical Records: The Family of Qi Taigong" records that Guan Zhong, the prime minister of Qi State, put forward the policy proposition of "only officials, mountains and seas can be heard". During the Warring States Period, Han Feizi once again emphasized the importance of ocean development when summing up his experience in governing the country.  The famous assertion that the country is rich.  Lin Yizhe also pointed out that China¡¯s pace of maritime development is not later than that of Europe.  Since the late Tang Dynasty, Chinese society has begun to deviate from the original orbit of the inland empire, and has developed a development direction of "head resting on the southeast and facing the ocean."  A large number of port cities with prosperous maritime trade activities have emerged along the eastern coast.  During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China was in an absolute leading position in shipbuilding technology and maritime orientation technology.  Navigation compasses have been used on large maritime ships built in the country at least during the Huizong period of the Northern Song Dynasty.  In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ignored the ban on founding the country and began maritime exploration almost at the same time as the Europeans.  In more than 20 years from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led what was then the world's most powerful fleet, consisting of more than 20,000 people and one to two hundred ships, on seven voyages to the Western Ocean. Zheng He's voyages not only reached the level of "Yu Huang"  The political purpose of "powering the world" has also greatly contributed to the development of China's private maritime trade.  ¡°However, Zheng He¡¯s seven voyages to the West were not only the pinnacle of ancient Chinese navigation, but also the first sign of a serious setback in China¡¯s maritime development.  In 1433, after Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji approved Zheng He's last maritime expedition, he issued a strict "sea ban" prohibiting coastal residents from engaging in foreign trade activities.  The Ming Empire, which had about a thousand warships, thus gave up its sea power and said goodbye to the sea.  Lin Yizhe pointed out that it was the maritime ban in the Ming Dynasty that led to the loss of national tax revenue. Coupled with the prevalence of smuggling and the invasion of Japanese pirates, the national power of the Ming Dynasty quickly declined and eventually perished!  ¡°Strong enemies are on all sides, and both land and sea are in danger¡± was once a prominent feature of China¡¯s security environment in modern times.  After the Opium War, some people of insight had a clearer understanding of the serious crisis in the maritime direction and successively proposed countermeasures.  Lin Zexu can be called the first senior official of the Qing Dynasty to open his eyes to the ocean and see the world.  The thinker Wei Yuan accepted Lin Zexu's commission and compiled the 100-volume great work "Hai Guo Tu Zhi"; he put forward a series of propositions for building naval and coastal defense, pioneered China's modern coastal defense thought, and became an outstanding enlightener of coastal defense thought.  Wei Yuan pointed out that the best way to resist the invasion of powerful enemies is to "strictly build up military preparedness," especially at sea, because invading enemies mainly come from the sea.  Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China¡¯s democratic revolution, also lamented the times of ¡°sadly questioning the sea power in East Asia¡± and warned future generations: ¡°But the future Pacific issues will actually affect the survival of our Chinese nation and the fate of the Chinese country.¡±  However, due to the deep-rooted traditional concept of "valuing land over sea", the ruling class has always been difficult to find a balance between "coastal defense" and "fortress defense."
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