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Text Chapter 434 Xue Shuyun

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    "Prince Gong's Memorial: On Coastal Defense": "it can be traced back to the provocation of Geng and Shen, which caused great pain and deep painThe ministers and others were responsible for the affairs of various countries, and discussed issues such as training troops, raising salaries, learning machines, and building ships. They have been reported many times.  There are many obstacles caused by differences of opinion, there are those caused by lack of funds, there are those who have already established the foundation and cannot sustain it for a long time, and there are many frustrations in the situation.  The outsiders were not aware of this, and the important operations were regarded as temporary, so that the enemy police were caught in a panic and were unprepared. In view of this, Japan had to think about the trouble later, and its troubles were already seen.  This is because a small country is unruly and has no way to prepare for it; Western countries react to changes and see the danger but don't see it.  ? Now that we are urgently preparing for something, it is already a plan to make up for it; so far, we are still in vain, and there is no time to ask for help. We can only be united from top to bottom, united inside and outside, and work hard and steadily from beginning to end, and stay united forever.  . Everyone has a thorough understanding of the underlying situation and works hard to achieve a real plan for self-reliance and a real plan for fending off foreign aggression. The common people will be able to strengthen themselves and then eliminate foreign aggression. The ancients said: If you can defend, you can then fight;  Everyone knows that the overall situation today cannot be slowed down. The ministers have carefully discussed the urgent matters to be dealt with. I would like to summarize a few matters and ask the ministers of the North and South and the governors and generals along the coast to give details.  Additional discussion will be carried out, and practical measures will be reported one month at a time, and then the ministers at the court will discuss in detail. If the items drafted by the ministers and others are consistent with each other, then preparations should be made; if there are special considerations in each item,  The good policy is to report it to the meeting and ask for it to be implemented after it is agreed upon. It will be implemented in a practical and effective way to alleviate the current urgent needs and benefit the country in the long run. I am so lucky!"  "Qing Palace Archives: Edict of February 20th" (Second Coastal Defense Consultation): "the items stated by the king's ministers regarding military training, simple weapons, shipbuilding, raising wages, employment, and duration are all important matters.  . Authors Li Hongzhang, Du Xing'a, Shen Baozhen, Li Henian, Li Hanzhang, Yinghan, Lin Yizhe, Zhang Zhaodong, Wenbin, Wu Yuanbing, Yulu, Yang Changrui, Liu Kunyi, Ding Richang, Wang Wenshao, Chen Shi, discussed in detail, and will limit the practical measures one by one.  Resume within one month. Don't just talk about it!" "Weng Tonghe's Diary": "That day, I went to the cabinet meeting hall to review the draft Regarding the coastal defense matter, I also drafted it, and Li Lansun thought it was inappropriate.  It's easy to make a new draft It seems that borrowing money from foreign countries is not feasible. Lin Yizhe was very supportive of this idea It is really a child's play to buy an iron-clad ship, especially if you are choking.  Di Fuzou added steamships, supplemented by land troops, and scrapped the old wooden ships to focus on steamships. Lin Yizhe should wait until Lin Yizhe purchased them to see the results, and then raised money to increase the salinity, borrow foreign money, and open mines.  Factories and other matters, I am afraid that there will be many abuses and many obstacles, so this proposal is not feasible!  It can be said to be quite lively. After the edict on coastal defense was issued, memorials from ministers came like a snowflake.  The content of the discussion was also very lively.  Shen Baozhen, who was entrusted by the Governor of Liangjiang to handle coastal defense and minister of foreign affairs, loudly emphasized that "coastal defense is the top priority today" and advocated giving priority to improving coastal defense and building a navy.  Li Hanzhang, who was the governor of Huguang at the time, was worried that the imperial court was guilty of the old habits of "conformity and appeasement" and "wrangling in everything". He specifically pointed out: "Inside and outside the situation, we should work together and maintain it together, and don't look to the past. Don't deceive people."  It is said that from beginning to end, it has been tenacious and stable, and it has lasted forever, and there is no doubt that the loyalty of Sri Lanka and the public will be the same.  The Chinese people have no fixed opinions and no perseverance, so this disadvantage is inevitable. " Yinghan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Yulu, the governor of Anhui, and even Peng Yulin, who was ordered to review the Yangtze River Navy, believed that it was better to strengthen coastal defense.  It is better to "rectify the defense of the Yangtze River" and think of it as a "long-term plan for the southeast."  Although Shengjing General Du Xing'a believed that defense preparations should "mainly focus on training on both water and land", "it is especially advisable to quickly train on land troops."  As for shipbuilding, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau can first build it on a trial basis and then consider adding more.  " Wang Wenshao, the governor of Hunan, has a hard time deciding between the "coastal defense" on the southeastern coast and the "fortress defense" on the northwest frontier. He seems to be more focused on "fortress defense." Ding Baozhen, the governor of Shandong, and Wu Yuanbing, the governor of Jiangsu, analyzed that: Russia  It is the biggest threat. It clearly favors "blocking defense" and advocates the use of troops in Xinjiang. At the same time, it also proposes that the Northeast is close to Russia and should pay attention to the safety of the Qing Dynasty's "Longxing Land". Looking at the Qing Dynasty, it is full of holes.  There are dangers everywhere. Where is there no danger, no need to put things in order, and no place where there is no need to spend a lot of money? In Tianjin, Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang, and his capable staff Xue Fucheng, closed the doors and windows of their study rooms.  I stayed up all night.A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, although he read a lot of poetry and books in his early years, he could not even get a formal candidate.  But this was not his ambition. Instead, he cared about the overall situation of the world and the country, and tempered himself into a new type of intellectual who understood the current situation, had a thorough understanding of the situation, and was full of strategies for governing and strengthening the country.  In the fourth year of Tongzhi, at the age of 28, he wrote a "Ten Thousand Words Letter" to Zeng Guofan, advocating "to make policies prosperous and powerful, to establish economic systems, to eliminate negative side effects, to guard against foreign aggression, and to rectify customs." The article touched on almost all the issues that urgently need to be solved in China.  , and for Zeng Guofan, who was famous and powerful at that time, except for Kuang Zheng's persuasion, there is not a single word of praise or flattery in the whole article.  Xue Fucheng's unique insight and character were immediately appreciated by Zeng Guofan, who immediately invited him to serve as counselor in military and government affairs. Xue Fucheng was also called one of the "Four Sages of the Zeng Family" by people at the time.  In fact, in the year of the coastal defense discussion, 39-year-old Xue Fucheng had just switched to Li Hongzhang's shogunate.  But his talent and insight were quickly appreciated and valued by Li Hongzhang.  His analysis that the root cause of China's poverty and weakness lies in the old ways, his assertion that if China wants to keep up with the world's development trend, it must "change and then win", and his "knowing that thousands of years from now, China will not be reborn based on Western learning."  The idea of ??"creating opportunities for good fortune" led to the investigation of Western social systems and the political ideal of establishing a constitutional monarchy in China, which had a significant impact on China's future development.  During the discussion, only Li Hongzhang commissioned Xue Focheng to be the most important key to the memorials.  As Li Hongzhang¡¯s spokesperson, Xue Fucheng¡¯s words are enough to make beads of sweat break out on the viewer¡¯s back: ¡°¡­Since the establishment of Westernization, the cases that have been solved one after another are nothing more than humiliation. As of this year, Japan¡¯s invasion of Taiwan  , after a bloody battle by land and water soldiers, they were finally driven out When the Taiwan incident first started, I kept silent to the Prime Minister's Yamen, saying that it was clearly a peace situation, but I must be prepared for war, and the common people's peace can be achieved quickly and long-lasting.  Reason, they are pressing against each other with their military strength, but if we want to defeat them with our pen and tongue, we will not be able to count them. We are prepared for the situation, but we are caught off guard. If we had prepared in advance, the Japanese soldiers would not have dared to come.  Can we say that defense can be postponed for a day? Here are six suggestions from the Prime Minister's Office. The current urgent tasks and the long-term plans for the future have been comprehensively summarized. They are the most urgent measures to rescue the situation. Talents are rare and funds are scarce.  It is difficult to raise the boundaries, and it is difficult to remove the old seats. If we do not change the situation, even if we set up defenses every day, it will still be like a cake!" Then, he pointed the focus of the discussion to the "block defense theory" that emphasizes land border defense.  The reason why "coastal defense" is more important than "fortress defense" is further emphasized: "In the past, most of the border preparations were in the northwest. Their strength and weakness, and the shape of guest and host, are all suitable for each other, and there are still boundaries between China and foreign countries. Today, there are thousands of borders in the southeast sea  In the remaining days, various countries carried out trade and missionary activities, and came and went freely, gathering in the capital and the hinterland of various provinces. The positive was in the name of peace, and the negative was a plan to devour. When one country was in trouble, other countries were inciting it. This was a change that had not happened in thousands of years!  Speed, thousands of miles in an instant; weapons and machines are sophisticated, and their workmanship is a hundred times greater. The artillery shells are invincible, and the water and land passes are not limited, and they are powerful enemies that have not been seen in thousands of years!  To control it, it is like a doctor treating a disease, regardless of the disease, just resorting to ancient prescriptions, but it has no effect." After that, the discussion turned to criticism of current affairs: "Since Gengshen, the Yi Dynasty has been introverted, and Bo Haiguan has led it.  Lun, everyone should be vigorous and generous, and argue against the outsiders. If they don't understand the difficulties in the situation, how can they strengthen themselves?  The winner. If the strengths and weaknesses of the opponent have not yet been clearly understood, but if you want to show your strength and make a desperate move, then you are treating national affairs as child's play!" He then put forward his own opinion: "I want to rectify it today!  In coastal defense, apart from reform and employment, there is no other way to start. I hope that your Majesty will take care of the importance of the country and the people. The current situation is extremely difficult and dangerous, and he will always be unsatisfied. He will save redundant expenses, pay attention to military strength, and cultivate talents  Let all people with lofty ideals in the world understand Western affairs, and we can expect to gradually become stronger and more sincere in all aspects of military training and weapon making, especially if it takes time to achieve success." This so-called "bombshell" memorial was put forward.  "Reform" mainly refers to reforming the old military system and establishing a new navy and army; the so-called "employment" mainly refers to cultivating new military and economic talents.  He emphasized the "urgent need to train naval forces" and agreed to establish three ocean navies in the North, East and South Seas, and that "the outer seas have indispensable naval armored ships and cannon-defending iron ships." Each oceanic navy must have two large iron-clad warships.  , "When something happens in one place, six ships communicate with each other, specially for the guerrilla division on the ocean, and the remaining ships are attached to it."  At the same time, he also advocated "increasing revenue and reducing expenditure", "imitating Western France", developing civilian enterprises, setting up factories to manufacture farming and weaving machines, mining coal and iron ores, setting up ships, railways, telegraphs and other matters.  ps: The second update is here!  Please collect!  Please recommend!  Please subscribe!  Please click!  Asking for a monthly ticket!
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