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Chapter 1861 Trends in Ocean Shipping

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    Zhu Qiming has a relatively optimistic judgment on the future demand for container transportation in the mainland, and he also agrees with Bao Feiyang's prediction that the container throughput of Pujiang Port can hit 20 million TEUs in the next ten years, but the premise is that Pujiang Port has a deep-water terminal, and there is no deep-water terminal.  Terminal, Pujiang Port is just a coastal feeding port. Many containers may be sent directly to hub ports such as Busan, Kaohsiung, and Xingang at ports such as Tongcheng, Ningcheng, and Haizhou, because if they are sent to Pujiang Port, due to  Pujiang Port cannot accommodate fifth-generation container ships. Even fourth-generation ships have to take advantage of the tide to enter and exit. There are very few flights. Pujiang Port must continue to send these containers to the hub port. This is equivalent to one more transshipment, with higher costs and consumption.  There is also more time.  In this case, other qualified ports along the coast will inevitably seek container transshipment business, such as Tongcheng and Ningcheng. In particular, Ningcheng has a deep-water port with good conditions. Although they are a certain distance from the Tianjiang Estuary, compared with Pujiang Port  The transshipment cost is higher, but it is much more convenient than sending to Kaohsiung and Xingang. In fact, Ningcheng Port has indeed been fighting for the container transportation business.  If Pujiang Port cannot build a deep-water port as soon as possible and use the deep-water port to attract more ocean trunk flights to dock, the potential container business will be diverted by ports such as Tongcheng and Ningcheng. More importantly, once ports such as Busan and Kaohsiung become  As a transit hub, it will be more difficult for Pujiang Port to compete for business again in the future. If Tongcheng and Ningcheng Port become transit hubs, the country's positioning of Pujiang Port may change.  Although the country has determined the plan to build Pujiang City into an international shipping center, there are still many plans for how to build it. Some experts believe that Pujiang should cooperate with Taicheng Port, Tongcheng Port and Ningcheng Port to carry out the project.  Reasonable division of labor and joint creation of an international shipping center.  This plan has a certain rationality, but the result of joint creation may lead to the dispersion and waste of resources, and ultimately nothing can be accomplished.  Zhu Qiming and Bao Feiyang can reach consensus on many issues, and they are not willing to give up just like that. However, as an official forum, Zhu Qiming did not choose to sing the opposite view on the forum when the city has already spoken out, but he also  We sent out some invitation letters and planned to hold a forum at Ocean University with the theme of "Northeast Asia Container Transshipment Market."  Judging from the theme, this forum does not seem to be directly related to the construction of Pujiang Port. However, Zhu Qiming's ambition is to clarify his views through such a forum and make everyone pay attention to the importance of international transshipment business and realize  The importance and possibility of developing international transshipment business at Pujiang Port.  If this goal can be achieved, then everyone will naturally rethink the Pujiang Port construction plan.  For now, the construction of Gaoqiao New Port Area will start soon, but the plan of Gaoqiao New Port + Hengsha Artificial Island has not been finalized. Hengsha Artificial Island is currently only undergoing preliminary research. Is this plan ultimately possible?  Whether it can pass or not depends on the results of preliminary research.  The last thing Zhu Qiming wants to see is that the country delays the construction of the Pujiang deep-water port for too long, missing the best opportunity for Pujiang Port's logistics to explode, and also missing the best golden development opportunity for Pujiang Port.  Time waits for no time for Pujiang City to build a deep-water port.  Compared with the International Shipping Center Construction Forum, this forum held in the name of Ocean University has limited influence. However, due to Zhu Qiming¡¯s reputation and the Dongfeng of the Shipping Center Construction Forum, it has attracted the attention of academic circles and professional media.  The morning forum was mainly about Zhu Qiming¡¯s lecture titled ¡°Northeast Asia Container Transshipment Market¡±.  Zhu Qiming said: ¡°I have participated in the International Shipping Center Construction Forum in Pujiang City in the past few days and have many thoughts. The biggest feeling is that after entering the 21st century, globalization has become the main feature and trend of world economic development. It has a great impact on the world¡¯s shipping ports.  "Before entering today's topic, let me first discuss with you some new developments and trends in the international shipping industry. Simply put, it is the containerization of ocean shipping.  , the centralization of global liner shipping, the larger and faster ships, and the logistics of container transportation" Zhu Qiming said: "Containerization, centralization, large-scale, logistics Such development trends determine  Liner shipping companies prefer to choose trunk lines and hub ports to achieve economies of scale. "Why do you say that?" "First of all, let's look at containerization. Nowadays, the types of goods transported in containers are constantly expanding, and bulk goods are transported in containers.  There are more and more of them, and the proportion of heavy containers is getting larger and larger, which requires the water depth and channel of the port to meet the requirements. Container ships are high value-added ships. The daily freight is about 100,000 US dollars, and they call at many ports, causing delays.  Time is lost, and what is lost is freight. Therefore, container liners hope to reduce the number of ports they call. If they can be fully loaded directly at the port of origin, then directly to the port of destination, end-to-endsailing, that would be the best!  " "Then let's look at centralization. In recent years, more and more shipping companies have embarked on the path of mergers and joint ventures.  The world's six major alliances already occupy a dominant position in the three major trunk lines. The number of container ships and container spaces operated by the six major alliances have accounted for about 25% and 50% of the global fleet's transport capacity. The concentration of transport capacity naturally means flights and routes.  Concentration" "As for large-scale, ship types of more than 5,000teu are now very common. There are close to 300 ships of more than 5,000teu in the world, and the total container space has reached nearly 2 million teu, accounting for a quarter of the total transportation capacity.  These include more than 40 ships of more than 7,500 teu, totaling more than 300,000 teu.  According to the statistics of container ship orders under construction, by 2007, the number of ships of more than 5,000teu will reach 600 in the world, and the transport capacity of more than 400teu will account for nearly 40% of the total global transport capacity. Ten years later, on the three major east-west trunk lines  The proportion of post-Panamax container ships in operation will rise to 55%-60%, reaching more than 70% in twenty years. The larger the size of ships, the greater the concentration of containers, and the higher and higher requirements for container hub ports.  .  " "The last point is logistics. Logistics means that the port must provide customers with comprehensive logistics services throughout the entire process of commodity circulation, including packaging, shipment, storage, warehousing, transportation, and distribution.  In order to meet customer needs, eliminate transportation costs, shorten transportation time, expand employment, and add value to services, these services put forward higher requirements for ports, which also means that stronger ports will get more business and opportunities  ¡­¡± Zhu Qiming¡¯s analysis is very precise. A simple comparison of numbers can make people feel the general trend of ocean transportation. He continued: ¡°This series of changes stems from the need for cost control and efficiency improvement.  Therefore, the advantages of container transportation are highlighted, the advantages of large ships are highlighted, the advantages of scale are highlighted, and the requirements for logistics operations are getting higher and higher, and these trends are mutually reinforcing" "First, let's take a look at the trend of large-scale ships  Impact, the large-scale ships are not only due to the needs of containerization, centralization and logistics, but after the large-scale ships, ocean logistics will also be required to be more containerized, centralized and logistics. Containerization and logistics can improve the loading and unloading efficiency of large ships.  Efficiency and centralization ensure that the ship is fully loaded to the maximum extent. For large container liners, it is required to reach full load at as few ports as possible and call at as few ports as possible, because docking means loss of time, and loss of time means loss of freight.  This requires containers to be handled as centrally as possible!  " "So we can see that hub ports are developing very quickly.  " "Currently, the container throughput in Asia accounts for about half of the world's total port throughput, while the throughput of Northeast Asian ports accounts for one-third of the world's total port throughput, and the world's top ten ports in terms of container throughput are  Half of the large ports are in Asia, and the top four ports are all Asian ports. Northeast Asia is also the region with the fastest growing container throughput in the world, especially China, which has the fastest growth!  " "Container transportation in Asia can be divided into Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. Geographically speaking, the southern region of our country, including the South China Sea, Xingang, Shenzhen Port, etc., should be included in Southeast Asia, while the area north of Xingang can be roughly regarded as Northeast Asia. In addition to my country, Northeast Asia also includes the Russian Far East, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and the Taihu Lake area. The economy in this region is developing rapidly and the container transportation volume is large. Among the top ten ports in the world, this region has Busan, Kaohsiung and There are three major ports in Pujiang, as well as well-known ports such as Tokyo, Yokohama, Kawasaki, and Kobe. However, this area has not yet formed a hub port like Xingang and Xincheng. Currently, Kaohsiung, Busan, and Pujiang are all competing for the hub port in this area. very intense competition.  ¡± Zhu Qiming said: ¡°To build Pujiang City into an international shipping center, it must first become a regional shipping center. International transshipment business is not a symbol of judging an international shipping center. For example, New York is a hinterland port. Except for a very small number of containers from or to Canada, they need to be transported in  Most of the transit in New York Port comes from or is shipped to the mainland of the United States, and the proportion of international transit boxes is very low.  " "However, the development of international container business is undoubtedly a very important part of Pujiang Port's improvement of its status in international shipping routes, forcing the development of the port and shipping service industry, and enhancing Pujiang's influence in international shipping.  After all, the situation in Pujiang is different from New York. New York was once the center of the world and the world's financial center. New York's ability to become a shipping center is not only related to financial and shipping services, but also to their status as a connected world. This is also inseparable from a large number of  Logistics, it is difficult for us to replicate New York¡¯s experience, so we must start from both the goods and services aspects"
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