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According to Marx¡¯s theory, who controls the production, distribution, reproduction and redistribution of society determines the nature of this society. According to Marx's theory, capitalist society eventually leads to financial crisis due to anarchy and unfair distribution in the production process. In other words, its production and consumption links cannot be effectively connected, and the thrilling leap from commodities to currency cannot be realized.
Therefore, the purpose of the subsequent reform movement in the capitalist world is to solve the problem raised by Marx - whether it is Keynes or Mises, they should face up to this problem or avoid it.
¡°At its simplest, the way to overcome anarchy in production is to give it a government. The planned economy under the leadership of the government is such an idea. Whether it is Comrade Lenin's New Economic Policy, Comrade Stalin's industrialization idea or Comrade Chairman's "On Ten Major Relations", they are all economic ideas adopted from an overall perspective. However, Capitalism has been developing for hundreds of years, and it has proven impossible to have a completely infallible government that knows everything about the economy.
Mises believed that socialism would inevitably fail economically, because economic calculation problems destined the socialist government to never correctly calculate the extremely complex economic system. Due to the loss of the price mechanism, the socialist government had no way of knowing the market demand. information, and what will inevitably follow is the failure of the plan and the complete collapse of the economy.
Socialist governments also need bureaucrats to manage, and the bureaucracy itself does not operate in accordance with the laws of economics¡ªor in other words, it does not operate in accordance with the laws of capitalism. Therefore, there are often situations where the government will kill a certain industry when it catches it, and it will be chaotic when it is released. This is a fact that both the Soviet Union and China have faced, and there is no denying it.
So there are two extremes in the economy, the "left" thinking that the government should control everything and the right thinking that the government should leave everything to the "market."
Without a realistic attitude, these two extreme ideas have become butt problems.
The theory of 286 can be said to be the most practical mode of thought between the two ideas. The government controls the lifeblood of the national economy, and the rest relies on the market for regulation.
When Schumpeter took the pulse of capitalism, he confidently put forward the theory that technological innovation can make capitalism immortal. He believed that the development of science and technology will constantly lead to the emergence of new economic growth points, so economic growth is sustainable.
Hayek also believed this. He mocked the historical determinism derived from Marx with the unforeseen development of science and technology.
We all know Marx¡¯s great quote: Philosophers only explain the world in different ways, the problem is to change the world.
It is completely impossible to believe that there is an overall theory that can explain the economy. Just as Marxism is also a philosophy of development, economics is also a development of knowledge rather than a fixed principle. And economics is a practical knowledge, not an abstract knowledge. China¡¯s decades of successful economic experience does not seem to have formed an abstract knowledge. On the contrary, China¡¯s economy and the economics led by China are often criticized because they have never conformed to a certain mainstream economics. the rules.
However, from a personal point of view, perhaps it is because the Chinese economy itself is not something rigid and cannot be changed that it maintains the momentum of development. The so-called dividends of reform may sometimes be the reform itself.
At present, Sun Yu, according to his understanding, can understand that the government must have an overall understanding of the national economic situation. This understanding, whether it relies on bureaucracy, scientific economic institutions, or market surveys, Correct understanding is the prerequisite for solving problems. Sometimes, although enough experience cannot completely solve the problem, it can prevent the problem from getting worse.
So maybe there is no ultimate truth and ultimate economics at all, because these things are all developed, and practice is the only criterion for testing truth.
There is really no need for the entire country to implement a uniform policy. It can completely adapt to local conditions, and even deliberately use different policy experimental effects in different places. However, just as the ideal conditions in the laboratory cannot be achieved, countries that rely on bureaucratic governance sometimes have objective conditions that are interfered with by the subjective will of the bureaucrats.
This is why those reformers in the past shouted that the government should let go and let the market manage it. Because bureaucracy itself is not an objective object or condition.
People are social animals, and social animals are political animals.
So we regard the party history of our TG as just the history of line struggleIt is completely wrong, but it would also be biased to regard it only as a history of political struggle.
Because not everyone has a vision for the overall design of society and the world, not every party member of TG is a philosopher. In other words, not every member of the organization is a Marxist. They are very likely to be Marxists, Stalinists, Maoists or Trotskyists, or they are bureaucrats themselves. Many bureaucrats have no philosophical thinking circuit.
On the one hand, the bureaucracy treats bureaucracy as a tool and as a link of the entire system. On the other hand, the whole formed by itself generates self-awareness through the individual's self-awareness of the whole. Comrade Wang Yanan's research on bureaucracy clearly shows that in terms of this self-awareness, the actual manifestation of bureaucracy, China has not changed at all in this regard thousands of years ago and thousands of years later.
Therefore, even the skin of socialism, under the influence of the old bureaucracy, will undergo certain characteristic mutations. In fact, various things that have happened in the seventeen years since the founding of the People's Republic of China have gradually revealed the transformation of the new society into the old society. Return. Even as the wave of industrialization began to swallow up the unsuitable feudal remnants left behind by agricultural society, old traditions expressed themselves strongly in new forms.
Chen Anping feels this the most.
He once had too easy illusions, thinking that he who was born later and had a clear understanding of history could play his greatest role in this world. As a result, reality taught him the harshest lesson, and he experienced several cruel hardships as an ordinary person. During the test, he gave up his initial unrealistic illusions. When he himself became a hilltop, he had to face a serious battle for the top of the hill.
This is not just unique to TG. If you carefully understand history, you can see that the Chinese political power has been like this. Just like now, Taizu does not have absolute authority and absolute will as written in history textbooks. If it is a capitalist society, the expansion of capital is the most brutal struggle. If it is a society where the state controls capital, the struggle for state ruling power is the most brutal struggle.
Every political movement and every meeting is a brutal struggle. Slogans like the Congress of Victory, the Congress of Unity, the Congress of Endeavor are sometimes used to disguise the brutality of the meetings, as those in power expand and contract with each other.
This cruel form of struggle has not yet reached a tacit bottom line of gentle unspoken rules. Chen Anping even feels that the fate of his brother who is still alive and living in the Qincheng Hotel is pretty good.
What was the motive of the princes doing such ridiculous things during Shuilou?
The acquisition, distribution and inheritance of power are social relations that are as important as production, distribution and reproduction.
The movement of 1957 can be understood in this way. Those who could become rulers as elites in the old society were dissatisfied with their exclusion from power institutions in the new society. Taizu was keenly aware that bureaucracy within the party was beginning to grow. When corruption began to emerge and they hoped to use the power of external democratic supervision to rectify the party's style, these people took the opportunity to express their dissatisfaction and naked desire to seize power. As Sun Yu and Chen Anping saw in the future, when the big bourgeoisie fully grew up, they vented their dissatisfaction directly or through agents to the system of power controlling capital.
After 1957, the competition within the party became more and more intense. When Sun Yu listened to Chen Anping's story, he couldn't believe it. Aren't the old revolutionary comrades full of strong feelings of homosexuality? Aren¡¯t they all people who endure humiliation and endure hardships for the country? As a result, do they behave like ordinary bureaucrats in the face of power?
Sun Yu¡¯s experience was far from profound enough. The political struggle he participated in was far from cruel, at least he didn¡¯t think so. Comrade Chen Anping's brother was largely responsible for his own fault. Although Sun Yu had a rational understanding of politics, his intuitive and emotional experience was far from enough. When his previous impression was completely overturned, he was inevitably a little uncomfortable.
But with the arrival of Sun Yu, Chen Anping seemed to have made some kind of decision.
Chen Anping has always felt that he seems to be somewhat divided. He came to this world with what he considered to be a noble purpose. When he suddenly realized that he was likely to fail, he began to wonder whether he should prepare for the life after 1978. Designing a new path, Sun Yu's appearance seemed to make him make some determination - didn't I come here to achieve this goal? How can we give up halfway?
What Sun Yu wanted to say was communicated to Chen Anping in advance. Chen Anping even met Comrade Li Desheng in advance through Comrade No. 5.
But arranging such a meeting is very short, and there is no more effective communication. In Chen Anping's view, this seemed to be another opportunity given by the Chairman to Comrade Hu Fu.It¡¯s over.
Sun Yu continued to talk about the problems he saw.
His story has made it very clear what route China will take in the future, what problems it will face, and what changes have taken place in the tg party.
He did not explain the changes in the top leadership of TG.
Comrade Hu Fu, who initially thought that China seemed to be following its own path in the future, became ugly after Sun Yu told a lot about the dark side of society. Although Sun Yu affirmed how the economy developed and what achievements it had achieved. But what Sun Yu said aroused different attention points on both sides, and they even discovered what the other party would pay attention to.
Sun Yu stopped talking. What will happen to China in the 586 era is still unknown.
Everyone present fell silent, and the atmosphere became more solemn.
¡°We must not take that path.¡± Comrade Chairman said firmly.
Someone curled their lips in disdain.
"I think this person is a liar!" Someone pointed at Sun Yu and said, a little jumpy, "This is a serious political incident!" His eyes swept over everyone present, "It was carefully planned by someone, and the purpose is In order to fight against the comrades who framed me."
no respond.
So the man sat down to smoke again, "We need to verify his identity!" Sun Yu was pointed at.
"This matter has already been done." Comrade No. 5 said, "No problem was found."
¡°If we don¡¯t clean up the bourgeois establishment elements in our party,¡± someone said, ¡°our country will eventually become what Comrade Yang Wen said.¡±
¡°I don¡¯t think there¡¯s anything wrong with it.¡± Someone said.
"If nothing else, I'm a hero and my son is a good man, and I'm a reactionary and I'm a bastard. What's going on with this kind of thing? When did our TG become a feudal dynasty?"
"Tell me, what's going on with the division of state-owned assets?"
¡¡
More arguments echoed in the room.
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