When Stalin and Bukharin, the two leaders of the "Maoist leftists" in the Soviet Union, quietly left the siege of Moscow and went to join the revisionist enemies, the train on which His Excellency Mao Zd, Chairman of the Chinese Revisionist Party and President of the Federation of Greater China, was traveling across the The railroads in the United States run through it. Because they wanted to inspect the agriculture of the United States, they did not fly all the way to Washington on a Y-7 plane. Instead, they took a train and ran across the vast plains of the United States. There is no doubt that the industrial strength of the United States is unquestionable. On the way from the West Coast of the United States, the factory chimneys, wires, and oil wells all over the country left a very deep impression on Mao, Chen Duxiu, and especially Mao Zd. This was the first time he set foot in a truly developed capitalist country. Although he had often visited factories in China before, he had to admit that compared with the United States, China's industrialization has only just begun, and there is still a lot of room for development in the future. But does this mean that China's future Does industrialization also require more rural labor to enter cities?
However, the main mission of Mao, Chen Duxiu, Zhou Elai and Zeng Qi's visit to the United States this time was not to inspect American industry. On the contrary, American agriculture was what they were really interested in and it was also what really shocked them. If we talk about China's If the gap between industry and the United States is a hundred steps, then the gap between China's agriculture and the United States is probably 10,000 steps! After all, China now has some signs of industrial modernization. It is not behind the United States in terms of production methods and technology, but its scale and R&D strength are not as good as those of the United States. However, China's agriculture is far behind the United States. Look at the train. Among the endless wheat fields outside the carriage, there are very few village communities with cooking smoke. You can tell that there are really few farmers in the United States, and their agricultural production efficiency is by no means comparable to that of small farmers in China. Only then do you know the difference between a large agricultural country and a powerful agricultural country. How big is the difference!
Along with Mao Zd, in addition to several leading figures in the Chinese gcd, there were also many agricultural experts. Now they also included Gu Weijun, the ambassador to the United States, some representatives of overseas Chinese in the United States, and several people from American fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural machinery companies. Representatives - they all came to sell products to the Chinese government delegation. Almost every time they passed through a large or medium-sized city, Mao Zhou and others would briefly visit the local farms and farmers. What they saw and heard, Of course, they are all things that are refreshing to them. First of all, American farmers, uh, it should be said that American farmers are rich. Almost every family has a spacious and clean bungalow. In China, this kind of house is generally only owned by super big landowners and big capitalists. In addition, cars are extremely Popularity, most farmers have at least one car at home! Mao Zd was shocked when he learned that the United States produced 5.5 million vehicles of various types in 1935. This number was more than 10 times greater than China's total automobile production in 1935! In the United States, cars are just ordinary daily necessities.
In addition, the production methods of American agriculture also opened the eyes of him and all members of the Chinese delegation. The large-scale use of agricultural machinery, corporate production organization and sales methods have blurred the differences between American agriculture and industry. There seems to be no farmers in the traditional sense in the United States, only the bosses of agricultural companies. Every agricultural supermarket is actually a small or medium-sized agricultural company! What Mao Zd and others did not expect was that the land in rural America was still being concentrated! Representatives of the U.S. Department of Agriculture told Mao Zd that in the past 10 years, hundreds of thousands of private farms in the United States have closed down, and the size of the surviving farms has become even larger. But this is not the most surprising thing to Mao Zd. , what surprised him most was that the United States actually had a law aimed at reducing agricultural output. According to this law, the U.S. government would provide subsidies to farmers who reduced their output, with the purpose of reducing the output of American agriculture by about 30%. % to achieve a balance between supply and demand in the market. However, someone has already filed a lawsuit with the U.S. Supreme Court that this law, which is obviously "destroying productivity", is unconstitutional. It is expected that some adjustments will be made soon
Under the darkness of night, the train rumbled eastward. Inside the double-decker train carriage, everything was quiet, with only a slight shaking sensation. Mao Zd, who liked to work at night, opened his seat, faced the desk lamp and buried his head in writing. He was already completely immersed in his work¡ª¡ªthe first draft of the book that later played a huge role in promoting China's second land reform was in I don¡¯t know how long it had passed. When Mao Zd put down the brush in his hand and raised his head, he saw Zhou Elai looking at him with a smile: "President, he is already writing an inspection report. ? Once this masterpiece comes out, it will surely become a guiding document for our second land reform, right?"
The two of them, the two best partners in Chinese history, are not particularly close in this time and space. In fact, Zhou E's rapid rise in the party and Chinese politics can be attributed to Chang Ruiqing. With the support of Chang Ruiqing, Mao Zd replaced Mao Zd in charge of the northwest military affairs. It seems that the two people had some disputes. However, on the issue of the second land reform this time, Zhou Elai was at odds with Mao Zd.?agreement
Mao Zd rubbed his wrist, pushed the draft on the table to Zhou Elai, and said with a smile: "Xiangyu, since we can't sleep, let's study it together. Not to mention, there are still certain differences in the agriculture between China and the United States. The similarity is that after the war, China had the largest arable land in the world, and the United States had the second largest. Moreover, there are conditions for large-scale agriculture in Central Asia and Siberia. It is easy to imitate the experience of the United States. Now I have the most It¡¯s not that there are no people farming anymore, but that large-scale agriculture in Central Asia and Siberia will have a huge impact on small-scale agriculture in the interior This is the situation in the United States now. Large-scale farms tend to operate well and continue to expand, while small farms They went bankrupt one after another, and farmers moved into cities and became proletarians.¡±
Zhou Elai smiled and said: "This is urbanization. It seems that Shaoli is on the right side again this time American-style mechanized large-scale agriculture is obviously more efficient than small-scale farmer production, and this efficiency is reflected in the cost Lower, the products are more competitive. If we develop large-scale agriculture in Siberia, Central Asia, then the agricultural products produced there will inevitably have stronger competitiveness, and it is inevitable to overthrow small agriculture in the interior. In fact, such a situation happens when I work in the northwest There were already some clues. Although the agriculture in outer Xinjiang is not a large-scale agriculture, it still has a scale advantage compared to southern and northern Xinjiang. Therefore, the grain markets in southern and northern Xinjiang are all wheat from outer Xinjiang. If it were not for Lan Xinjiang back then, If the Xinjiang railway is not opened, the grain from other Xinjiang will probably suppress the price of grain in Gansu and Shaanxi!"
Mao Zd thought quietly for a moment and nodded slowly: "How much land is there in outer Xinjiang? It is only tens of millions of acres. The entire Central Asia and Siberia can cultivate at least 1.5 billion acres! And there is almost the same amount of pasture If everything is organized according to the principles of American agriculture, it won't take many years to set off a wave of bankruptcies among farmers in the mainlandThe competitiveness of this kind of factory-based large-scale agriculture is beyond the reach of small-scale agriculture in the mainland. It's like the competition between factories and handicraft workshops. They are not on the same level at all. I think if we had not seized the vast land of Siberia in Central Asia, we might have used agricultural mutual aid groups or collectivization to help the farmers in the mainland become rich. But in China The land of Subsiberia has given rise to the possibility of large-scale factory agriculture in China. As long as this more efficient and advanced production method appears on a large scale, the backward small-scale peasant economy will inevitably collapse in a very short time Whether it is a mutual aid group Neither collectivization nor collectivization can be resisted unless we can prevent the land in Central Asia and Siberia from being concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or legal persons, and prevent more advanced factory agriculture from appearing in China. But this is not the same as Roosevelt's, and it hinders productivity. development? And without the entry of big capital, it would not be easy for the land in Central Asia and Siberia to be developed and utilized, right? Back then, we had already racked our brains to mobilize immigrants to go to foreign countries, and now we want more If people go to Siberia, which is even more distant in Central Asia, I'm afraid"
Mao Zd talked eloquently there, and listening to what he said, it was obvious that he had accepted most of Chang Ruiqing's views in the second land reform - since his trip to the United States has proven that a small amount of agricultural labor plus mechanization can greatly improve agriculture. The efficiency of production can defeat the smaller agricultural supermarkets in the competition. The Greater China Federation, which owns large areas of abandoned land, has no reason not to adopt this advanced production method? How can the Chinese gcd, as a representative of advanced productive forces, object?
Zhou Elai listened attentively, nodding his head from time to time to express approval. It wasn't until Mao Zd finished speaking that he took out a telegram from his pocket and placed it in front of Mao Zd: "President, this is a secret telegram sent by shame." Stalin, the Soviet gcd leader who was originally imprisoned by Trotsky for a long time, has just been rescued by our army from a concentration camp near Moscow. Both of them have expressed their willingness to work for us The Prime Minister wants to arrange for them to lead Asa The Republic of Naga or the Republic of Timor, I would like to seek your and my opinions on this."