I'm out today, so I need to save some information temporarily, so I can use it when I go back to code.
Celebrities during the Renzong period of Song Dynasty include Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Su Shi, Su Che, Bao Zheng, Zhang Yaozuo, Wang Deyong, Wang Su, etc. .
Su Dongpo
??The great river goes eastward, and the waves are washed away, and the people are famous throughout the ages. To the east of the great river, the waves sweep away all the ancient heroes. To the west, the human road is the Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Red cliffs, scattered rocks, collapsing clouds, turbulent waves, cracking banks, rolling up thousands of piles of snow. The rivers and mountains are picturesque. For a time, many heroes think of Gong Jin. When Xiao Qiao first got married, Not everyone can express such a heroic and unrestrained spirit. It comes from a soul that has been tempered in every possible way. Perhaps you have also heard of his famous name. Yes, he is the great writer Su Shi who calls himself Dongpo Lay Scholar. More than 900 years ago, a family named Su lived in Meishan, Sichuan. Maybe it¡¯s God¡¯s special preference? This small family actually had three children in succession. His father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Che, like Mr. Dongpo, each have their own literary horizons. Three outstanding figures in one discipline have become a legend in the literary world. In the second year of Jiayou (1057 AD) of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, 22-year-old Su Dongpo took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites and shocked the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his essay on loyalty in punishment and reward. This leader of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty had to say to the young Su Dongpo: I should avoid this person and let him go. At the age of twenty-five, Su Dongpo embarked on a political journey.
In the appreciative eyes of Song Renzong and Song Shenzong, another kind of talent was shown. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, Prime Minister Wang Anshi instituted a new law. Su Dongpo believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he disagreed with him, and the situation was almost incompatible. The willful Su Dongpo was too lazy to engage in unnecessary quarrels, so he simply asked to be released and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan. Three years in Hangzhou was the most romantic chapter in Dongpo's life history. He wrote affectionately: The water is bright, the sky is clear, the mountains are empty, and the rain is also strange. If the West Lake is lighter and heavier than the West Lake, it is always suitable. By the beautiful West Lake, Su Dongpo unreservedly reveals his poetry and wine style. literati character. Not only did he travel around and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou, he also took in his concubine Chaoyun to accompany him through the ups and downs of the future. Su Dongpo was very loyal and patriotic. As long as he saw something detrimental to the people, he would express it in his poems, finally sowing the seeds of grief for himself and foreshadowing the fate of being demoted and running around in the future. After his term in Hangzhou expired, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, and Huzhou. After all this, Dongpo was already forty-four years old. Less than three months after taking office in Huzhou, Su Dongpo was arrested and imprisoned for slandering the emperor and prime minister in writing. This was a literary injustice, known in history as the Wutai Poetry Case. The reason is that in order to discredit him, some people deliberately distorted the poems written by Su Dongpo and made a fuss about it. After Su Dongpo was imprisoned, he was not knocked down despite physical and mental setbacks. He sharpened his mind and improved his emotions through setbacks. The piercing edge, the laughter, yelling, and easily offended spirit disappeared. A kind of restrained, clear and mature broad-mindedness was finally slowly formed. After more than a hundred days in prison, Su Dongpo was transformed. From then on, the misery of reality could not faze him. From then on, the difficulties of life could not trap him. We see a brand new life emerging from prison and heading towards a life without regrets. Rough encounters can shape historical giants, and Su Dongpo is the best proof. Without the torture of this injustice, we might not have seen such a broad-minded attitude towards life, nor would we have seen the top masterpieces in the history of literature. After being released from prison, Dongpo was sent to Huangzhou to serve as deputy regimental envoy, which is equivalent to the current deputy captain of the self-defense forces. Although his position is low, the forty-five-year-old Mr. Dongpo accepts it because his outlook on life has transcended the world. The five years in Huangzhou were a turning point in Su Dongpo's life. In a remote, barren and lonely hometown like Huangzhou, Su Dongpo calmed the passion and arrogance of the young man. The style of his works also underwent a profound change amid the sorrow. Also because of Gao Kuang's life realm, although Su Dongpo was poor, he was not miserable. Wearing casual shoes and a kerchief on his head, he mingled with villagers and old men. Leave the depression of being relegated and exiled to those who can't think about it! Su Dongpo had long made up his mind to face reality and live happily. Because everything is not bitter, it is just an experience in life. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion, the young child in Dongpo died in infancy. In a sad mood, Su Dongpo wrote a letter requesting to live in Changzhou temporarily. Ruzhou is not only a long way away, but also the travel expenses have been exhausted. I hope not to go, but it was approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. After Zhezong ascended the throne, he followed Shenzong's love for talents and treated Su Dongpo with great courtesy.
In just one or two years, Su Dongpo was promoted from the prefect of Dengzhou to a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. This is the passion of his official life. Unfortunately, good times don't last long. In order to benefit the people, Su Dongpo still had conflicts with others from time to time. In the heated political atmosphere, the idea of ??external recruitment has arisen again. At the age of fifty-four, the imperial court approved an official document allowing him to serve as a bachelor of Longtuge.He was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou. After an absence of sixteen years, Su Dongpo felt happy to return to Hangzhou. The people of Hangzhou also expressed great enthusiasm for the old chief's visit again. Just after taking office, Su Dongpo was extremely busy with natural disasters. In Hangzhou, he had a major construction project, which was to build an embankment in the West Lake, known as Su Embankment in the world, which made considerable contributions to flood control. Later, due to the favor of the Empress Dowager (Empress Yingzong), he was specially called back to the court. But soon, he was hurriedly released to Yingzhou. Dongpo's days of exile did not end until Song Huizong came to the throne and granted amnesty to the world. However, his life also came to an end at this time. The year after the amnesty, Dongpo died of illness at the age of sixty-six.
Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo, courtesy name Cunzhong, was born in a bureaucratic family in Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou) in the ninth year of Tiansheng reign of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (AD 1031). He has been diligent in reading since he was a child. Under his mother's guidance, he finished reading the family's book collection at the age of 14. He began his official career at the age of 24. Three years later, he was recommended to the Zhaowen Hall in the capital to edit books, where he began to study astronomy and calendar. In his later years, he carefully summarized his life experience and scientific activities in Mengxi Garden, and wrote the scientific masterpieces "Mengxi Bi Tan" and "Record of Forgetfulness", which are famous both at home and abroad. Shen Kuo passed away in the second year of Shaosheng's reign (AD 1095), Zhezong of the Song Dynasty.
"Mengxi Bi Tan" is the coordinate of the history of Chinese science and a summary of Shen Kuo's social and scientific activities throughout his life. The book is extremely rich in content, including more than 600 items in astronomy, calendar, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology, medicine, literature, history, archeology, music and art. More than 200 of them belong to science and technology, recording many of his inventions, discoveries and insights. "Mengxi Bi Tan" also explicitly discussed the declination of the magnetic needle for the first time.
Shen Kuo attaches great importance to the development of agricultural production and the construction of water conservancy. He has written books on polders such as "Five Comments on Polder" and "Wanchun Polder Book" about agriculture.
Shen Kuo was also an outstanding astronomer. His research results were introduced in three papers: "The Armillary Sphere", "The Floating Sphere" and "The Jingbiao", explaining in detail the principles of reforming the instrument and elucidating his own astronomical insights, which are important in the history of Chinese astronomy. effect. In his later years, he further proposed the idea of ??replacing the original calendar with the "Twelve Qi Calendar". The calendar designed by Shen Kuo is relatively scientific. It not only conforms to the actual movement of celestial bodies, but is also conducive to the arrangement of agricultural activities.
In terms of optics, he also made some scientific explanations for the reasons for the light transmission of the so-called "translucent mirror" handed down from ancient China (a bronze mirror with front patterns on the back), which later promoted the "translucent mirror". Translucent Mirror" research.
Shen Kuo also has superb research in mathematics. Based on actual calculation needs, he created the "gap accumulation technique" and "the circle technique". Shen Kuo's research developed the problem of arithmetic series since "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic" and opened up the direction of research on higher-order arithmetic series in the history of ancient Chinese mathematics. The creation of the method of "Huiyuan Shu" not only promoted the development of plane geometry, but also played an important role in astronomical calculations and made an important contribution to the development of spherical trigonometry in China.
Shen Kuo was proficient in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, agriculture and medicine; he was also an outstanding engineer, an outstanding military strategist, a diplomat and a statesman; at the same time, he was erudite and good at writing, and was a master of Fang Zhilu, Li, and music. He is proficient in all aspects of medicine, medicine, divination, etc. "Mengxi Bi Tan" written in his later years recorded in detail the outstanding contributions of the working people in science and technology and his own research results, reflecting the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Mengxi Bi Tan" is not only an academic treasure house in ancient China, but also plays an important role in the history of world culture. Japanese mathematician Yoshio Mikami once said: People like Shen Kuo cannot be found in the history of mathematics in the world. Only China has such a person. Dr. Joseph Needham, a famous British expert on the history of science, said Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan" is the coordinate of the history of Chinese science.
Sima Guang and "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"
Sima Guang, born in the third year of Tianxi reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1019), died in the first year of Yuanyou reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1086). His courtesy name was Junshi and his nickname was Yuansou. He was born in Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanzhou Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was known as Mr. Sushui in the world and was a Jinshi. He successively served as collation of pavilions, Tongzhi Liyuan, Tianzhang Pavilion, waiter and lecturer, Zhijianyuan, Yushi Zhongcheng, Hanlin Academy bachelor and attendant, etc. In the third year of Xining (1070), due to different political opinions from Wang Anshi, he resigned as deputy privy envoy and went to Yongxing Army (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) as a bachelor of Duanming Palace. The following year, he was transferred to Xijing Yushitai and retreated to Luoyang. , specializing in history writing for 15 years. Zhezong came to the throne, Gao Dahou came to the government, summoned Sima Guang to take charge of state affairs, and appointed him as prime minister (Shang Shu Zuopu She and his servant). After his death, he was given the posthumous title of Grand Master and was granted the title of Duke Wen, with the posthumous title of Wenzheng.
Sima Guang's family has been an eunuch for generations. His father, Sima Chi, was a famous minister during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty during the Baoyuan and Qing Dynasties. He was a doctor in the Ministry of War and a waiter in the Tianzhang Pavilion. He enjoyed a high reputation for his integrity and benevolence throughout his life. Influenced by his family, Sima Guang was sincere and studious. At the age of seven, he was "as awe-inspiring as an adult. After hearing the lectures on Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, he was able to understand its main themes."From then on, "without letting go of the book, I didn't know hunger, thirst, cold or heat." When I was 15 years old, I wrote an article, which was praised by people at the time as "pure and pure in diction, with Western style." When I was 20 years old, I won the first place in Jinshi, which is a great honor. Early success. However, he did not use this to "praise his ambitions and Kunming to things, just like saying that he has nothing to do with himself", but boldly put forward: "A wise man should live in the world, be righteous and benevolent, and show himself with virtue. How can a foreign name convey evil?" These words reflect the ambition and knowledge of young Sima Guang, who is determined to build a career with benevolence and virtue and does not seek false fame. Therefore, after entering his official career, Sima Guang continued to study extensively and deeply, reaching a level of erudition in music, music, calendar, astronomy, and arithmetic. Among them, the most devoted one was the study of Confucian classics and history. Research, especially, has read extensively and examined ancient books very carefully. It can be said that they are familiar with it and are thoroughly familiar with it. He wrote notes along with his readings. When he was only 26 years old, he wrote more than 30 historical notes. From this, he came up with the idea of ??deleting the voluminous ancient history into a chronicle-style general history, so as to facilitate reading, and more As a profound driving force, it is the need of feudal politics.
At that time, nearly a hundred years after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, various crises had already occurred. Sima Guang, who had a strong Confucian ideology, took a positive attitude towards the world and stated his entire set of ideas for governing the country, which were roughly based on talents, etiquette, benevolence, and integrity. The fundamental measures to stabilize the country and govern the country were of positive significance at that time. In addition to stating his views in Shang Shu, in his own political activities, he was also able to adhere to principles and actively implement decision-making strategies that were beneficial to the country. Especially in the struggle to recommend virtuous people and repudiate sycophants, he violated Yan Zhijian's admonishment and failed in court disputes. He never cared about personal safety and was called a minister of the country. Shenzong also said with emotion: "Those who are like light are always around, so they can do nothing wrong."
During the Xining Reform, Sima Guang had serious differences with Wang Anshi, who presided over the reform. In terms of their dedication to serving the country, the two are consistent, but they have different preferences in terms of specific measures. Wang Anshi mainly focused on the financial and military problems at that time and adopted drastic economic and military reform measures to solve the urgent needs. Sima Guang believed that during the period of defense, emphasis should be placed on rectifying ethical principles to bind people's thoughts within the constraints of the original system. Even if reforms are made, they must be done safely. He believed that "governing the world is like living in a house, and I will repair it." "If it is not seriously damaged, it will not be repaired", because "If it is not seriously damaged, it will be changed, and it will not be possible without good craftsmen and beautiful materials. Now there is neither, and I am afraid that the wind and rain will not protect me." Although Sima Guang's ideas tend to be conservative, they are actually a reform strategy based on "conservation". Judging from the deviations and improper employment that occurred in Wang Anshi's reform, it was proved that Sima Guang was politically sophisticated and stable. Apart from being less courageous than Wang Anshi, he was politically mature.
With different political views and difficulty in cooperation, Sima Guang retreated to Luoyang and compiled historical works to extract lessons from the successes and failures of history, "making the viewers blame themselves for the gains and losses of good and evil." It should be said that Sima Guang's writing of history was another way for him to govern the country. As early as the Jiayou period of Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1056-1063), he discussed with Liu Shu and said: "Yu Yutuo began when King Weilie of Zhou ordered Han, Zhao and Wei to be princes, and continued through the Five Dynasties. Xun Yue's concise writings collected old sayings and formed a family of opinions." This shows that when he was in his 30s, he had already prepared the scale of "Tongjian". In the first year of Zhiping (1064), Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty first submitted 25 volumes of "Calendar Pictures", and two years later submitted eight volumes of "Tongzhi", indicating that he had written in addition to political activities. His writing of history was praised and supported by Song Yingzong and Song Shenzong. Song Yingzong agreed that he should set up a bookstore and choose his own officials. Shenzong named the book "Zizhi Tongjian" because "in view of the past, it is qualified to govern Taoism". And personally wrote the preface to show that he attaches great importance to it. In addition to allowing him to borrow all the country's books and materials, Shenzong also rewarded 3,400 volumes of Yingdi's old books to Sima Guang for reference. The pen, ink, silk, silk and fruit required for repairing the book were all provided by the state, which provided him with favorable conditions for writing books.
When Sima Guang wrote the history, he also selected Liu Shu, Liu (fenwen), Fan Zuyu and others as assistants. They were not only the first-class historians at the time, but also had the same political and historical views as Sima Guang, so they were able to compile the book. Everyone shows their talents and works together. The success of "Tongjian" is inseparable from their efforts, but what finally brought "Tongjian" to its glorious peak was also determined by the careful writing of editor-in-chief Sima Guang. Just as Liu Xizhong, the son of Liu Shu, said: "In the bookstore, our ancestors only compiled the stories based on their deeds. When the right and wrong were not taken away, the king actually sharpened his pen."
The compilation of "Tongjian" can be roughly divided into three steps: 1. Arranging the categories; 2. Writing the long section; 3. Deleting and revising the final draft. Steps one, two, and two are completed by assistants under the guidance of the editor-in-chief, while the third step is completed entirely by the editor-in-chief alone. After the editor-in-chief came up with the examples of the book, Sima Guang emphasized the following aspects regarding the specific methods and principles in the writing process:
1. Strict material selection. The collection of materials in the series and long series is as broad as possible, and it is proposed that "it is better to be complex than to be brief". The content of the selected historical materials focuses on the rise and fall of the country, the gains and losses of policies, and the morality of monarchs and ministers. The purpose is to provide reference for governing the country and reflect the livelihood of the people. A situation of mourning. In this way, in addition to the official history, the collected historical materials such as barnyardThere are no less than 300 kinds of official and private histories, genealogies of hundreds of families, general collections and special collections, and biographical inscriptions. The long series is more than 650o volumes long and contains more than 30 million words.
2. Carefully examine differences. Only truth has value, and only valuable can serve as a reference. Any historian writing a history must examine the historical materials, and Sima Guang not only included the selected historical materials in the main text, but also explained the various explanations and identification reasons one by one, and wrote "Tongjian Kaoyi" 30 Volume, presented together with "Tongjian". Due to the rigorous attitude of "choosing secrets and calculating every detail" in Kao Yi, the reliability and authenticity of historical works have been greatly enhanced. "Tongjian" is famous for its trust in history, which cannot be separated from the supporting role of "Kao Yi". This method of writing history was continued by later historians. The Qianjia School in the Qing Dynasty, which was good at verifying historical facts, developed along this path.
3. Prepare catalogue. "Tongjian" records the historical facts of 16 dynasties for 1362 years. It is a long work with a total of 294 volumes. For the convenience of reading and checking, 30 volumes of "Tongjian Catalog" were compiled at the same time as the history was being revised. The ancient chronicle style history books in my country are arranged according to the age. There is no title, no table of contents, just search by year. Sima Guang broke through this old practice and divided the chronology, imperial records, calendar, celestial phenomena, catalog, summary, and index into three parts, creating a new style of multi-functional catalog of chronicle style history books, and making the "Tongjian" style more complete. It has been perfected and pushed my country's historiography to a new level.
4. Improve the historical style. The chronological record is concise and concise, but due to time constraints, the historical events are delayed and fragmented, making it difficult to reflect the whole picture. Sima Guang paid attention to absorbing the advantages of the chronicle style. In order to explain the causes and consequences, he used a large number of writing methods such as serialization, main story, appendix, retrospective narration, supplementary narration, etc., with the nature of organizing materials using events as clues, showing a breakthrough in the chronological style and brewing the chronicle style. Trend, Yuan Shu in the Southern Song Dynasty compiled the book "Tongjian Chronicles", which served as an inspiration and forerunner. This transformation gave the ancient chronological system new vitality, and subsequent imitations followed one after another, forming a chronicle system from ancient times to the present. In this system, "Tongjian" is written as a general history, with the purpose of "exploring the causes of changes and seeking traces of evolution." This is consistent with the social trend of "focusing on Tongming changes" since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and is also consistent with the "Zi Zhi Tong" trend. The purpose of "appraisal" is consistent.
5. Processing is thorough. When writing a book collectively, due to different handwriting and different styles, it is easy to be fragmented and mixed. However, the language style of "Tongjian" is as if it was written by one person, and it is integrated without any trace of carving. This is exactly what Sima Guang carefully adapted. and processing results. Sima Guang, who has profound writing skills, is especially good at narrative. He writes every detail clearly, with beautiful and simple words, quaint and rich yet concise and clear style. It can be said that he is unique and self-contained. There are many descriptions of scenes and characters that have become famous pieces in the history of literature, and the narratives of large-scale battles such as the Battle of Chibi and the Battle of Feishui are even more popular and fascinating, surpassing all other historical records and becoming a masterpiece of historical prose. Superior.
6. Write an appendix. It has become a tradition for Chinese historians to use commentaries and praises to express praise, criticism and admonishment. Sima Guang's appendix to "Tongjian" is not only numerous but also long. The book is appended with more than 180 articles, more than 80 of which quote others' opinions, and the rest are all written by myself. Most of what is discussed is the causes of chaos and the way of kings and ministers. It is based on the historical treatises and memorials written in the past. It is developed based on historical events and discusses current affairs. The words between the lines are full of Kuang Fu's sincerity and emotion, containing both praise and blame, reflecting the good intentions of admonishing people based on circumstances. Whether it is national issues or employment principles, they all provide historical reference for the eradication of bad governance based on the current situation, which has certain significance. Theoretical and practical significance. What is even more ingenious is that so many appendices, as well as the selection and arrangement of the content of "Tongjian", are so integrated and inseparable, becoming the finishing touch to implement the historical purpose of "Zi Zhi". A masterpiece of history that is detailed, sophisticated in style, vivid in narrative, profound in discussion, and simple in writing style has finally been completed. Editor-in-chief Sima Guang¡¯s efforts are immeasurable. In "Jin Tong Jian Biao", he said: "I studied very carefully and exhausted everything, and my eyesight was insufficient, which continued at night." Some people saw that his remaining manuscripts were piled up in as many as two rooms, and they were all written in small, precise words. , not a single word is scrawled. After the book was completed, the 66-year-old Sima Guang was already "with a worn-out skeleton, his eyesight was dim, he had few teeth, his consciousness was exhausted, and everything he had done so far was quickly forgotten." Therefore, he devoted his whole life to this book to express his passion for governing the country. He sincerely hoped that by reading this book, the emperor would be able to "judge the rise and fall of the past, examine the gains and losses of the present, praise the good and be cautious of the evil, choose what is right and reject what is wrong, and therefore The great virtues of Maoji in ancient times are among the best that have ever been achieved before, and all living beings in the world are blessed by them." In this way, he will "despite his efforts, his ambition will be fulfilled forever". Doesn¡¯t this just mean that he wrote history in another way of political country?
In fact, the significance of "Tongjian" has far exceeded the author's original intention. It not only provided reference for rulers in "zhizhi", but also provided reference for the whole society. Hu Sansheng, who wrote annotations for it, was deeply aware of this. reason. He said: "Tongjian does not only record the traces of fighting chaos, but also records rituals and music, calendars, astronomy, and geography in great detail. Readers are like rats drinking from the river, each of them can only do the best he can." Wang Mingsheng of the Qing Dynasty also said: "?"It is an indispensable book in the world, and it is also an indispensable book for scholars." The history of the past thousand years has proved that "Tongjian", like "Historical Records", has been called a treasure of history, widely circulated and instructive. The public. And there is no shortage of researchers from generation to generation, making it a specialized knowledge, that is, "Tongjian". Nowadays, the research on "Tongjian" is being carried out at multiple levels and from multiple angles, and it will contribute more to human beings. Progress provides reference. This development trend was unexpected by Sima Guang and is also the inevitable result of his outstanding contribution.
Sima Guang wrote many works in his life. Among the "Tongjian" series of works, there are 80 volumes of "Tongjian Juyaoli", seven volumes of "Calendar Pictures", 20 volumes of "Jigulu", and "List of Hundreds of Officials and Ministers of this Dynasty" Six volumes. In addition, there are 20 other works with more than 200 volumes, which are the results of his research and writing on various aspects of Chinese history, classics, philosophy and even medical poetry. His main representative works include "Hanlin Shicao" and "Annotations on the Classic of Filial Piety" , "Book of Changes", "Commentary on Taixuan Jing", "Commentary on Yangtze", "Shu Yi", "Mountain Travel Notes", "Xu Shihua", "Medical Questions", "Sushui Chronicles", "Lei Pian" , "Sima Wenzhenggong Collection" and so on.
Although Sima Guang was enthusiastic about governing the country, he was unable to have more opportunities to directly participate in political affairs due to different political opinions. It was not until the death of Song Shenzong in the eighth year of Song Yuanfeng (1085) that the 67-year-old Sima Guang was welcomed back to the palace along with the wave of demands for the abolition of the new law. He assumed the position of prime minister and began to "change Yuanyou" and abolish the new law. He was in power for a year and a half, worked hard day and night with all his strength, and passed away after spending his whole life. When the bad news came out, "people in the capital stopped the market to pay homage, and people in the streets were crying as they passed the car, tens of millions of people." When the coffin was sent to Xia County, the mourners said, "The people weeping are very sad, like crying." He was a personal relative. Tens of thousands of people came from all over to bury him." As for the memorial ceremony for portraits, "it's everywhere in the world, every house hangs an image, and every meal must be celebrated." It is rare for a prime minister in a feudal society to receive such widespread and sincere condolences from the people, and it is also a historical necessity.
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