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??For Japan, our island neighbor, just as they know us well, we also know everything and everyone on this land.
The Warring States Period in Japan, dominated by the "Village Chief or Township Chief War", was brought to an end by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but in the end it was the old turtle Tokugawa Ieyasu who picked the last peach. With the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japanese society reached the pinnacle of feudal feudalism. It also suffered the impact of Western civilization and earth-shaking changes after being closed for hundreds of years.
But at least in the 17th century, in this ignorant and mighty time for the whole world, under the huge shadow of the Eastern Empire, Japan still retained a sense of mystery in the eyes of Europeans, and it belonged to the Eastern Empire system. The status of the second or third boss within the family.
Until the mid-17th century, many Europeans still believed that there was a maritime utopia full of gold and silver in the deep sea northeast of the Japanese archipelago, and they searched tirelessly for hundreds of years. Of course, this gold and silver country does not exist, and it certainly does not refer to the snow-covered Alaska in North America.
Kan¡¯ei is a very important era name in Japanese history, from 1624 to 1644. During its historical span, many major events occurred that deeply affected Japan's later history.
During the Kan'ei period, Japan had three emperors in two generations, including a female emperor. Beginning with Tokugawa Ieyasu, the Tokugawa shogunate successively introduced a series of systems that weakened the presence of the imperial family, such as "The Laws of the Monks", "The Laws of the Samurai", and "The Laws of the Forbidden and Public Households". The daughter of the family was forcibly married into the royal family in order to gain a more stable status in Japanese legal system. Emperor Gomizuo, who was extremely angry at the Tokugawa shogunate's suppression of the imperial family but had no choice but to abdicate in anger, gave up the throne to his seven-year-old daughter, Prince Kokouchi.
During the Kan'ei period, Japan did not survive the global small glacier climate, even because of the barren island land. The outbreak was no less brutal than elsewhere in the world. The lower-class Japanese people, who may not be able to taste the taste of rice in their entire lives, are now even worse off than dead.
Kanyong is one of the three people in Japanese history. At the worst time, food prices were so outrageous that they were even worse than those in the Ming Dynasty or the hardest-hit areas in Europe. In a prosperous and wealthy place like Kyoto, more than 80,000 people starve to death in a year. Skinny residents or beggars can be seen everywhere. Neither the shogunate nor the local feudal lords can do anything to deal with this situation.
The Kan'ei period was also a period of great changes in Japan's economy. Maritime trade led by Ming Dynasty smugglers, Dutch East India Company, and Portugal. During this period, it deeply penetrated and changed Japan's domestic economy, with an average of more than 50 tons of gold and silver precious metals flowing out through foreign trade every year.
The monetary economy has never been as pervasive in Japanese society as it was during this period. More than one-third of private taxes began to be paid in kind instead of currency. The emergence of Kanei Tongbao replaced the Chinese copper coins that Japanese society had used for nearly a thousand years.
In order to resist famine and reduce consumption, the Tokugawa shogunate issued a large number of laws to curb the consumption of nobles and common people during the Kan'ei period. The socially conservative consumption behavior advocated or enforced by the Tokugawa shogunate greatly reduced the market demand for raw silk, sugar, silk and other overseas commodities. A large number of businessmen in Japan who were hoarding overseas commodities went bankrupt, shaking Japan's past for most of the world. foreign trade pattern.
Because the Portuguese missionary behavior seriously affected the ruling order. The Tokugawa shogunate also wanted to tighten its targeted anti-foreign policies, and issued successive secluded laws. The Tokugawa shogunate banned the trade qualifications of Portugal, England, Spain and other countries, and for the Dutch who only did business and did not preach, the Tokugawa shogunate was symbolically lenient. The Dutch merchants in Hirado were forcibly moved to Nagasaki, and many strict restrictions and heavy tax laws were enacted.
The once prosperous Japanese trade came to an abrupt end, leaving only the Zheng Zhilong Group¡¯s monopoly trade qualifications at a very few ports such as Nagasaki.
The tyranny of various vassals under the feudal lordship system made the livelihood of the people at the bottom of the society, which had already deteriorated sharply amid famine and plague, even more desperate. Conflicts at the bottom of society are brewing fiercely. During the Kan'ei period, a peasant uprising unprecedented in the Tokugawa Shogunate period broke out, known in history as the Shimabara Rebellion.
Famine is raging. More than 30,000 Japanese grassroots Catholic peasants who could not bear the heavy taxes, led by a teenage boy Shiro Tokisada Amakusa, angrily revolted in Nagasaki, Kyushu, and defeated hundreds of thousands of shogunate troops who came to suppress them. Abandon armor. The Shimabara Catholic uprising was eventually suppressed, which made the Tokugawa shogunate further strengthen its seclusion attitude.
It does not seem to be a very good era, full of various internal troubles, but in any case, during the Kan'ei period, with the remnants of the Warring States Period such as Mori Terumoto and Date Masamune, etc.After the last group of heroes passed away, the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate finally stabilized, and Japan officially transitioned to the Edo period.
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? Japan¡¯s Honshu Sagami Country, later the Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture, has lush forests, rugged reefs along the coast, and waves crashing on the shore.
In the 1640s, in Miyagawa Bay at the southernmost tip of the Miura Peninsula, a small fishing village with a long history was hidden under the lush original colors of the coast. There was also a city island with an area of ??only one square kilometer more than 500 meters away from the south shore.
It has a good natural harbor with a good environment. It is also the choke point from the sea to Edo Castle, the capital of the Tokugawa shogunate. It guards the Uraga waterway leading to Edo Bay. It was also an important place for many pirate navies during the century-old Warring States Period. stronghold.
According to the strict regulations of the Tokugawa Shogunate's "One Country, One City Order", the former Misaki Castle was abandoned, making the surrounding villages and towns increasingly remote and closed. But under the breeze of some butterfly wings, the Tokugawa shogunate who issued the lock-down order rebuilt a Misaki Prison on the original site of Misaki Castle a few years ago, echoing the Tateyama Prison on the Chiba Peninsula to the east, to monitor the entry and exit of the river. All ships in Toto Bay.
Immediately afterwards, the Tokugawa shogunate expanded a coastal defense fortress based on the original ancient Guanyin Mountain Coastal Beacon Tower, and deployed more than a dozen gorgeous 12-pound or 18-pound guns purchased from the second dealers of the Dutch East India Company along the terrain. Iron cannon.
On the Uraga waterway in the northeast, a shogunate Edo Suigunseki ship (a small and medium-sized speedboat) with various unreliable thick wooden shields nailed all over the body is patrolling, and deeper in Edo Bay, There is also an Anzha ship (a large heavily armored warship), which is as majestic as a "big house" floating on the sea.
The Dutch ships (a small ship mainly used for transporting goods) carrying the life of the nobles and common people of Edo City came and went in Edo Bay. Whenever they encountered the patrol ships of the Edo navy, merchants or sailors were not allowed to Not crawling on the deck. Express your humility with the utmost courtesy.
Busy coastal trade supports the prosperity of Japan¡¯s ruling center. Whether they are fishermen or merchants, they are unlikely to care about the changes that may occur in the distant deep sea. They maintain the consistent awe passed down from their ancestors to the distant waves.
May 18, 1646, Friday, early morning. On the southern horizon of Uraga Suido, a fleet gradually emerged.
After completing a southward patrol, and were about to turn around and return to the shogunate ship in Edo Bay, several shogunate soldiers wearing bamboo hats rubbed their eyes, as if they couldn't believe what they saw.
slowly. The unfamiliar fleet from the south finally showed a clearer outline. The faint smoke and bulging snow-white sails clearly distinguished it from the fishing boats common to the locals.
"Ohit's the Nanman shipthey're coming! Hurry, wave the flag! Go and report to Lord Matsudaira and Lord Miura!"
The shogunate soldiers on the deck were stunned for a while, then rolled and crawled towards the ship building behind them. Not long after, under the command of a shogunate navy leader, a soldier on the ship's ship deck began to wave a long signal flag desperately toward the distant coastal fortress and Edo Bay.
The alarm signal first reached a Xiaozao (a smaller, more maneuverable Xiaoguan ship), and then Xiaozao hung a strange signal flag. While transmitting the message to the coastal fortress, it turned around and headed towards the river. Return within Toto Bay.
And at the coastal fortress of Uraga Administrative Office, shortly after receiving the signal from the navy. A column of smoke rose from the beacon tower, and then a lean, short, middle-aged shogunate official, fully armored, walked up to a tall wooden building with a few followers, holding up a "Nanban telescope" and squinting one eye. Investigate.
Matsudaira Goro Kan'emon Tadanobu. It is a sect of Matsudaira Nobutsuna, the senior official in the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo today (the highest official assisting the shogun). It was originally just a side branch with a humble origin that was unknown in history, but after the establishment of the Misaki Advocate, he was elected as an executive officer by Matsudaira Nobutsuna. It can be said that he also received the light of butterfly wings.
"Yeah. It's a Nanman ship. Shouldn't they be heading to Nagasaki? However, the 'mooring period' has not yet arrived!"
Mooring period. It refers to the entry deadline specifically set by the Tokugawa Shogunate for Dutch merchant ships heading to Nagasaki after the country was closed. It is usually July 20th every year (the Chinese lunar calendar is still used). After the transaction is completed, it must be completed in October. It left Japan twenty days ago, and the number was strictly limited to one ship.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Out did foreign merchant ships do not approach Japan¡¯s coastal ports?¡±
Matsudaira Tadanobu looked at it for a long time and twisted the corner of his mouth, with a look of arrogance and disdain on his face. However, the largest and dazzlingly beautiful snow-white ship in the lens still made him feel a little faint.??One jump.
"Send a message to Masaki-sama and ask the Edo navy to come for support. If (the Nanman) do anything rude, then use cannons to warn them!"
The majestic and murderous Nanman artillery was placed beside them, but the soldiers had no right to play with it casually. As soon as they heard that Master Fengxing was about to execute the "Wuer Nian Repulse Order", the soldiers, who had long been itchy, immediately couldn't bear it. He rushed to the gun position to prepare.
Those who carried the gunpowder barrel carried the gunpowder barrel, those who wielded the cannon pestle, and those who stuffed the cannonballs. Under the watchful eyes of Matsudaira Tadanobu, a dozen bow-legged people were busy.
"Pingtai, put more gunpowder and you can hit farther!" the soldier with a pockmarked face suggested.
"Sasuke, will you let me light the fire later?" Another dirty soldier was also joining in the fun.
Not long after, several Kohaya ships of the Edo naval force completed their assembly in the Uraga Channel. At the same time, a larger Kanbune slowly drove behind the cordon and formed a navy ship with Kohaya. Wheel array.
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The joint fleet of the Netherlands, the United States and Portugal, the flagship "Java".
Through the telescope, the southernmost capes and small islands of the Miura Peninsula on the west side of Uraga Suidou are still a lush green shadow and speckled rock cliffs, with almost no human beings visible, while the sea surface of the waterway leading to Edo Bay is It seemed chaotic, with several small fishing boats trying their best to hide in the bay. And some larger ones slowly opened out of the waterway.
Although the shortest voyage from Hong Kong Island to Edo Bay is less than 1,500 nautical miles, the Three Kingdoms United Fleet has been on and off since setting off, and also spent more than half a month "sightseeing" in Ryukyu, so after more than a month of sailing Just arrived at Edo Bay.
The sea voyage after leaving the Ryukyu Islands was extremely boring. When the officers and soldiers of the three countries in the combined fleet saw land, whether they were Chinese and American naval officers or soldiers, or Portuguese or Dutch, they all rushed to the side of the ship impatiently.
"Mr. Bronk, I thought it would look as primitive and boring as the Coromandel That island looks flat. We can get up there."
Major General Rasmussen, the Far East Military Affairs Officer appointed by the Dutch East India Company, put down his telescope and pointed at Miyagawa Bay to the north and slightly to the west. He hummed disdainfully in his nose, as if he was disapproving of this military operation that came to Japan to seek explanation. Not much interest.
Rather than spending most of his time floating on the sea, Rasmussen seemed to prefer playing hide-and-seek with the indigenous warriors under the cunning Sultan Banten on the island of Java, or teaching those who dared to fight in the Maluku Islands a lesson. The English East India Company secretly carried out the spice trade with the natives.
As a Danish mercenary general who has experienced the Thirty Years War, Rasmussen has always lacked patience and enjoyment of the ordinary life in the Far East.
"Your Excellency General, soon you will see a bustling city. That is the center of Japanese rule. But it will not allow any outsiders to approach easily, of course, under normal circumstances we need to obtain local The consent of the rulers allowed trade to proceed more freely and smoothly.¡±
An East India Company secretary was complimenting him flatteringly, with an imperceptible sneer flashing in his eyes.
"So. Colonel, what do you think? Will the Japanese prevent us from entering the bay, I mean if they"
Rasmussen turned his head to a young Chinese man wearing a snow-white navy uniform behind him, and was about to ask for his opinion. Suddenly a faint distant sound of cannon was heard.
Everyone¡¯s astonishment only lasted less than ten seconds. A snow-white water column appeared near the flagship of the Three Kingdoms United Fleet, although it seemed to be at least a hundred meters off. But it obviously took a long time of careful targeting.
"Damn it! These monkeys actually fired at me without any warning! And it was actually the cannons you idiots sold them!"
A few seconds later, Rasmussen, who was calmed by a warning shell, suddenly jumped up like a cat whose tail was stepped on. He pointed angrily at the coast about two kilometers away and spat with spit, and blurted out curses.
"We should fire back immediately! Let these monkeys know how powerful we are! If you can't do it, I will throw you all into the sea!"
Rasmussen was still chattering and cursing, spraying all the captains and sailors on the Java, even forgetting that it was he who easily gave the order for the entire fleet to approach the Uraga Channel directly.
As for the distance of more than two thousand yards, he has no control over whether the cannons on the Java can work. After all, he is just a land mercenary general with two swords, and he actually knows nothing about naval warfare.
"Go up"?, this is the Japanese warning us not to get close, and the Dutch are also showing signs of losing their minds. According to the plan, we should submit a letter of representation to the Japanese first"
The European adjutant behind Ji Chaohai whispered to his commander, while Ji Chaohai himself was watching with interest the shocked behavior of the Dutch or Portuguese officers on the deck of the Java.
"This General Rasmussen will probably change his attitude on the road. But he also has the advantage of being able to quickly curse words that others have no time to react to"
Ji Chaohai, who is over 40 years old, has served in the Chinese and American Navy for more than 20 years. Compared with the two Chinese naval geniuses, Irvine and Ruiter, who were promoted to colonels at a younger age, they can be regarded as late bloomers in the second generation of the Chinese and American Navy. A typical conservative with footprints.
The officers and soldiers of the Chinese and American Asian Fleet have been laughing about the "disinfection" joke made by the conceited Rear Admiral Rasmussen on Hong Kong Island for a long time. It can be regarded as the best time-killing topic during a boring voyage. Seeing the other party's furious look, Ji Chaohai's stern face actually showed a smile.
"Your Excellency General, we first need to give up approaching the coast, and then send someone to send our letter of negotiation. Now that their ships are on alert and the status on the shore is unknown, we need to accurately observe their firepower distribution. Only then can we decide what to do next. action.¡±
When the other party was done venting, Ji Chaohai took a few steps and gave a military salute to the mercenary major general in front of him.
Through the Portuguese translator, Ji Chaohai¡¯s words were immediately supported by the secretary of the Dutch East India Company on one side. After all, this trade negotiation does not require the use of force easily at the outset. The key is to first enter Edo Bay to obtain reliable anchorage supplies. Otherwise, it is not an option for a large group of people like the United Fleet to stay at sea like this.
"Well maybe you are right. Mr. Colonel, Mr. Bronk. If you don't mind, I hope that you will complete our mission of entering the bay. We need a place to stay for the boys to relax. , so as to ensure the next action.¡±
After coming back to his senses, Rasmussen squinted his eyes and looked at the young and handsome naval officer, and finally made a new decision like an old man.
"I'm honored." Ji Chaohai gave another military salute. He turned around and walked towards the side of the ship, intending to get down into the boat and return to the light cruiser Jincheng Princess.
Another 18-pound solid bomb flew from the north. This time it hit directly a few dozen meters away from a small Portuguese warship. The water column it raised seemed to almost fall to the deck, frightening the Portuguese army. The soldiers were shouting.
The combined fleet held their breath and accepted the warning bombardment from Japan, and no longer rashly approached the coast. The Golden City Princess and the Dutch Java each put down a small liaison sampan and sailed towards the largest Japanese customs ship at the end of the line of sight. same moment. A Kozaya of the Shogunate's Edo navy also headed towards the combined fleet.
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"Oh oh oh! That's great, they are scared! My lord, let's do it again. Maybe we can get a few Nanman heads in front of the Edo navy! Let the shogun of Edo City also know your Brave."
On board Uraga Coast Defense Fortress. Seeing the huge power of his own cannon, a small leader of the shogunate army was so excited that his whole body was trembling.
"Haha, I'm very satisfied with everyone's performance. Monitor them carefully and be sure to prevent them from approaching Edo Bay!"
Matsudaira Tadanobu was also so excited that his beard trembled. After so many years, I have never had a good opportunity to stand out. I finally followed Matsudaira Nobutsuna and participated in the counter-insurgency battle against the Shimabara rebels many years ago. The result was almost a mistake.
¡°If it hadn¡¯t been for the powerful Matsudaira Nobutsuna¡¯s strong protection at that time and sent him to this remote corner to avoid disaster, I¡¯m afraid he would have committed seppuku long ago.
Now that there are finally some ignorant Nanman ships that dare to approach, the chance to change their image in the general's mind has arrived.
"Matsudaira-sama, it seems that the Nanman ship has no intention of escaping. They have sent a small boat to Miura-sama's Kanfune!"
A small boss ran towards Matsudaira Tadanobu and lowered his head to report a situation that made Matsudaira Tadanobu very unhappy.
The predecessor of the Edo Navy of the shogunate was the Hyakushou Navy, a pirate group that ran rampant in Kanto. Its leader, the Masaki clan, once attached itself to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and gained official status. Later, it became loyal to the Tokugawa shogunate. After several changes, it was integrated into the Edo Navy. The current Edo navy of the shogunate. Although the Tokugawa shogunate strengthened centralized management, the main positions of the Edo navy were still held by the Masaki family.
The current commander-in-chief of the Edo Navy Anzha ship is Miura Yoshira of the Masaki branch, and Matsudaira Tadanobu has always had a bad relationship with Miura Yoshira. Although Matsudaira Tadanobu is MisakiThe two sides were competing for various interests in the Uraga Waterway, so businessmen would usually give a gift to both families at the same time when paying bribes.
"Asshole! I am Misaki's official, Nanman should ask to see me first!"
Matsudaira Tadanobu immediately blew his nose and stared. It was a pity that he could not grow wings and immediately appeared on the ship. He was so angry that he walked around in place.
"Sir Matsudaira, although Lord Miura's navy is responsible for guarding Edo Bay, it does not have the power to negotiate with the Nanman. You only have the right to supervise the entry and exit of ships in Edo Bay. According to the "Musou-Nen Repulse Order", you have Power determines everything.¡±
A subordinate seemed to notice Matsudaira's dissatisfaction and quickly added fuel to the fire.
"That's very well said! Immediately order all the garrison troops of the execution station to enter the fort! Wait for Miura Yoshira to complete the negotiation with the Nanman people and give me another shot!"
There was a hint of malice in Matsudaira Tadanobu's eyes, and a sneer appeared at the corner of his mouth.
In Matsudaira Tadanobu's view, even if the Nanman people initiated negotiations, the Edo navy would never let these Nanman ships enter Edo Bay. But if you just wait and watch. That would mean that all the credit for blocking the Nanman ship would go to Miura Yoshira, and he, the executive officer, would be pushed aside.
On the large Kansai ship, Yoshira Miura, who was fully clothed in armor, was sitting on the main seat, and several of his subordinates were also waiting on both sides, fully clothed. In front of Miura Yoshira, a representative of the Dutch East India Company, a Portuguese translator and a representative of the Chinese and American Navy stood side by side. The Dutchman also held a beautifully packaged document in his hand.
"So, we hope to enter the bay and dock for rest, dry the goods and repair the ship. In addition, in addition to the gifts for you, we also have a letter that we would like to entrust you to deliver to General Tokugawa in Edo Castle."
At the signal of the lieutenant of the Chinese Navy, two Chinese sailors carried a box from the outside. Just looking at the workmanship of the box, you can tell that the gifts inside are not thin.
After listening to the Portuguese translator, Miura Yoshira and the surrounding shogunate navy generals looked at each other.
Do you have a letter to send directly to the shogun? Such a major event just happened to happen to him. It seemed that he encountered a storm overseas and came to Edo Bay in the wrong direction. Miura Yoshira glanced at the gift box given to him, and his expression was no longer too cold.
"Although it is a friendly visit, I do not have the authority to release it. However, I can forward the letter to the General, and you can anchor nearby. Wait for the news, and I will send someone to bring you some water and meals. But there is no General. With permission, you cannot go ashore!¡±
Miura Yoshira looks businesslike, but he made the decision. This completely eliminated Misaki's position as a follower of Matsudaira Tadanobu.
It seemed that communication was not that troublesome. The representatives from the three countries present breathed a sigh of relief, and then retreated to their own small liaison boats, intending to bring the results of the negotiations back to the joint fleet.
Two small liaison ships of the combined fleet left the Edo navy. Return along the coast roughly towards your own flagship, observing and looking for anchorage points along the way. When we were about a thousand meters away from the beacon tower, we suddenly noticed a series of snow-white smoke erupting from a corner of the coast. Then came the thunderous sound of artillery.
Another second later, a dozen heavy solid projectiles landed around the two small contact boats, and the splashing water directly overturned the Dutch sampan, which relied on human oars.
"God, they are crazy, don't they know we are negotiating?"
The Portuguese translator who was with the Huamei representative was immediately frightened. Looking at the Dutchman splashing in the sea behind him, he didn't know what to do for a while.
The steam transport boat attached to the Golden City Princess luckily escaped this round of bombardment and quickly turned to the capsized Dutch sampan behind it. The two sailors picked up the drowned Dutch East India Company representative and the sailor, then desperately added coal and fire to the ship and fled towards the Golden City Princess two kilometers away, breathing thick smoke.
And this scene also stunned all the Edo naval forces. Miura Yoshira on the large customs ship instantly turned his head and stared at the coastal defense fortress in the distance, fully understanding Matsudaira Tadanobu's purpose at this time - paralysis is coming to destroy me again. The stage!
"Keep firing and let them know how powerful we are!"
Matsudaira Tadanobu held up the Nanban monocular and looked at it for a while, his expression changed from the initial coldness to pride.
In his sight, chased by shells scattered into the sea, the panicked, smoking small boat was escaping in a twisting and twisting path. The white battleship that left a deep impression on him was at this time and another. The two black and white battleships gradually distanced themselves, as if they were avoiding the sea.?Possible long-range intensive bombardment by the fortress.
The range of the Nanban heavy artillery is much longer than that of the cannons on the ship, and it is easier to aim. This time, the Nanban heavy artillery is used as a demonstration of the Nanban negotiation boat, which is completely powerful, and the Nanban ship has no way to attack the coastal defense fortress of Misaki.
When he thought of Miura Yoshira's possible expression at this time, Matsudaira Tadanobu looked smug. But optimism is optimism, and there must be nothing wrong with it.
"As long as their ship dares to approach the shore, fire!"
"Ha!" A small leader of the garrison at the execution station lowered his head vigorously and quickly ran towards the fortress artillery position.
Not long after, the gorgeous little steamboat that survived was recovered by the Jincheng Princess, and the coastal fortress also gave up its bombardment of the Three Kingdoms United Fleet more than 2,000 meters away.
However, at this time, the three-nation joint fleet had completed its dispersion. The three warships puffing out black smoke did not move closer to the coast. Instead, they readjusted into a horizontal formation, with one side of the ship facing Miyagawa Bay.
"Withdraw immediately. Since Lord Matsudaira is so majestic, let him do it!"
Miura Yoshira, who guessed Matsudaira Tadanobu's thoughts, almost snorted and gave the order to stay away. In his view, his duty was to protect Edo City, not to protect Tadanobu Matsudaira who fired off cannons indiscriminately. As long as these Nanman ships do not enter Edo Bay, it has nothing to do with him.