"Not only in the mid-Ming Dynasty, but actually started in the Southern Song Dynasty."
At the same time, Mr. Lu added next to him: "It is said that the Jiangnan writers are descendants of Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty. Their family knowledge is very long-standing, so their achievements are extremely high."
"Um."
Wang Guan nodded casually and did not refute, because this was the truth. However, he was also a little disapproving. After all, Wen Tianxiang was a famous anti-Yuan hero, and after being defeated and captured, he refused to surrender and was brutally killed. For this reason, the Wen family did nothing at all during the nearly hundred years of the Yuan Dynasty.
It was not until the Ming Dynasty, after more than a hundred years of accumulation, that it regained its strength in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and then Wen Zhengming, one of the four Wu families, emerged, and it became a famous family in the eyes of the world again.
As for Wenjia, he is an influential celebrity both in ancient and modern times. Perhaps modern people don't often hear his name, but they definitely should know a poem he wrote - Tomorrow's Song. That's right, it's the song of tomorrow, tomorrow comes tomorrow, there are so many tomorrows. Wen Jia is the author of this poem, but everyone ate the eggs but didn't pay attention to the hen that laid them.
However, Cai Peng didn't want to know what the Wen family was like and how famous Wen Jia was. He just focused on one question: "Is this painting true or false?"
Indeed, this is the key and a very pragmatic issue. Suddenly, Wang Guan and Mr. Lu¡¯s attention shifted from the historical background to the painting itself.
"Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty commented on Wenjia that his writing could not be compared to his brother's, and his paintings and imperial edicts (Wen Zhengming) were integrated into one."
At this time, Mr. Lu pondered: "In other words, Wen Jia's painting style is very similar to Wen Zhengming's. The brushwork is fine and a little jerky. There is naivety in sophistication. This is a typical Southern style of landscape painting, and also the style of Wu Zhengming. The usual technique of the school of painting.¡±
"This picture of high-hidden autumn pines is undoubtedly this way of painting."
At this time, Mr. Lu commented: "Focusing on the expression of pen and ink, emphasizing sentimental color and bleak artistic conception, pursuing a plain, natural, quiet and peaceful style, it is very similar to Wen Jia's handwriting."
¡°It¡¯s similar?¡±
Cai Peng couldn't tell, but with Mr. Cai's shrewdness, he was ready to grasp Mr. Lu's uncertain meaning.
"Yes, it's very similar." At this time. Mr. Lu hesitated for a moment, then nodded firmly: "If I'm not mistaken, this painting should be a forgery."
"Imitation?" For a moment. Wang Guan narrowed his eyes and studied it more seriously. After looking at it for a moment, he also discovered something was wrong: "This is the Yangzhou knife!"
"Huh."
At the right time, Mr. Lu was also a little surprised: "Mr. Wang has good eyesight and is knowledgeable about the past and present. It is admirable."
"Mr. Lu won the prize, but I have seen ancient paintings like this before. Moreover, if it weren't for Mr. Lu's reminder, I probably wouldn't have discovered the flaws in the painting so quickly."
This is Wang Guan¡¯s heartfelt words. I really admire Mr. Lu and feel that he is worthy of being a leading calligraphy and painting connoisseur. He has a lot of experience, and within a short period of time, he can see something fishy about this painting.
"What is Yangzhou knife?"
at the same time. Cai Peng was confused and said: "How can you tell that this painting is fake?"
"This painting is not a fake, it can only be said to be an imitation." Wang Guan shook his head and said: "Strictly speaking, it can be regarded as an ancient painting from the Ming Dynasty, but it was not written by Wen Jia, but a imitation copied by an antique dealer at that time. "
"An imitation at that time?" Cai Peng was startled and stunned.
"That's right. Just like modern fakes are rampant, ancient times were not necessarily so pure." Wang Guan smiled bitterly and said: "Speaking of which, Chinese calligraphy and painting has a very long history, starting from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and became common in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, It formed the first forgery in history. It declined slightly in the Yuan Dynasty, but reached its peak again in the Ming Dynasty."
"Of course, there are historical reasons for this."
Wang Guan explained: "In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the economic revival, the calligraphy and painting market also became increasingly prosperous. A large number of wealthy households including Hui merchants, Shanxi merchants, Fujian merchants, etc. appeared, and they gathered a large amount of wealth in their hands. Everyone also It should be clear that the tastes of wealthy people are similar in ancient and modern times. When friends get together, they naturally need some antiques, calligraphy and paintings to add elegance."
Hearing this, Mr. Cai nodded unconsciously. No wonder some people say that history always repeats itself, and this is a vicious cycle that is difficult to break. The so-called adding elegance is a relatively euphemistic way of saying it, but in fact it is just to show off one's wealth. However, since Mr. Cai was in front of him, Wang Guan could not speak too directly.
¡°For the formation of elegant play style, it is necessary to?A large supply of calligraphy and painting works. However, very few calligraphy and paintings of the previous generation have survived, so the trend of forgery has become even more harmful. "
While speaking, Wang Guan also sighed a little: "At that time, the most economically developed area was the Jiangnan area, so the Wumen School of Painting was born. However, there were very few painters in the Wumen School. Even if they painted every day, they would not be satisfied. The demand of the huge market. If there is demand, there will naturally be a market. Under such circumstances, counterfeit products will naturally emerge."
"According to records, before the Jiajing period, there were more than 400 large and small workshops that imitated Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and paintings in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas. But the craziest ones were the buyers, who bought Yongle reds, Xuande coppers, Chenghua kilns, and even The paintings of Shen (Zhou) and Tang (Yin); the books of Wen (Zheng Ming) and Zhu (Yun Ming), have been added to Su and Mi. The great masters estimated one thousand or one hundred, and they often poured out their pockets to pay for each other. It cannot be true or fake. Re-identify.¡±
At this time, Wang Guan couldn't help but sigh: "Speaking of which, the ancients were much more fanatical than us. They knew that there were more fakes than real ones, but they spared no effort in manpower and material resources and spent a lot of money to search for them. Some people even searched for twenty years and spent tens of thousands of money. Such obsessed people There are countless collectors, which provides a perfect opportunity for those who create fake paintings and calligraphy to defraud people and make profits.¡±
"As for the so-called Yangzhou sword, it is actually a noun. But because of the fear of karma, some people will deliberately leave some flaws in the paintings or inscriptions so that future generations can identify them even if they forge. However, if the buyer cannot identify it, the responsibility does not lie with him.¡±
Wang Guan shook his head: "Although there is a suspicion of hypocrisy in this way, at least it is still a human being to keep a line. Unlike today's counterfeiters, who pursue a realistic look and are most afraid of revealing any flaws."
"That's right, that's it."
At this time, Mr. Lu was convinced and realized that Wang Guan¡¯s two brushes were much bigger than he had imagined. Of course, he could not continue to remain indifferent. It¡¯s not that I¡¯m afraid of being robbed of the limelight, but I¡¯m afraid of losing this opportunity, an opportunity for Mr. Cai to take a serious look at him.
Thinking of this, Mr. Lu also said: "In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, forgery was not only a social custom, but also a unique phenomenon. Due to the huge profits, some unknown calligraphers and painters or painters made a living by selling fake calligraphy and paintings. Some famous literati, calligraphers and painters also made a living from it."
This kind of thing is normal. Not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the famous Zhang Daqian supported his family by imitating Shi Tao's paintings in his early years before he became famous. Later, when he became famous and his paintings could be sold for money, he stopped this behavior.
After all, there are many painters in each period. Except for a few who have become famous painters, most of them have been left out in the painting world and have become so-called cold names, minor names, or even unknown painters whose names cannot be found in the history of art.
¡°These people also need to eat, their paintings cannot be sold, and they cannot bear the poor life. When they can¡¯t change their profession, they naturally follow the old path of copying and imitating the ancient works.
¡°Famous painters are so extraordinary that they look fake and real, and it¡¯s really hard to tell them apart. But it can be summed up as copying, copying, counterfeiting, forging, and changing the appearance of the original work.¡±
At the same time, Mr. Lu continued to comment: "One of the more common techniques is to change or add new styles to the original painting, which is commonly known as reshaping. At the same time, in order to maximize profits, the forger has no tricks at all, and even wants to The fraud occurred by splitting and packaging. A painting was divided into several pieces, framed separately, and sold separately to make profits."
¡°What¡¯s even more amazing is naturally the Suzhou film, which uses the unique skill of uncovering paintings to peel off several layers of a painting and then re-mount it.¡±
When talking about these secrets, Mr. Lu's tone was quite complicated, a little impressed, but also deeply saddened: "As for this picture of autumn pines high in the sky, it is a relatively simple copy. Just look at the original painting. It¡¯s drawn with each stroke of a pen.¡±
"So if you look closely, you can easily find that the lines of the picture have pauses, and there are obvious traces of modification between the lines. This is a common copying technique, and it also shows that the person who copied it is not good at it."
At this time, Mr. Lu shook his head slightly and then gestured: "However, the mark is real. It should have been dug out from the original work and then filled in this painting. Ordinary people can identify it through the mark, and it must be It¡¯s easy to be fooled into thinking the work is authentic.¡±
"Um."
Wang Guan agreed: "Digging money from the authentic work shows that the original work may have been cut into several pieces, and then re-painted to form several works. The money can be made several times, and the profit is very huge. However, for this reason, However, many famous works were destroyed and lost in the long river of history."
"Yes, these people are all executioners." Mr. Lu scolded, with a feeling of gritting his teeth.
The so-called doing a line of work,First of all, a good appraiser must first like the things he appraises. Otherwise, it is impossible to devote 100% enthusiasm, then the professional quality will definitely not be high, and it will be difficult to become the top appraiser. After all, if you are interested, you will definitely learn things quickly. If you are not interested, you will definitely not be able to learn anything, and your achievements will naturally be limited.
There is no doubt that Mr. Lu is a brilliant appraiser, so he must be full of enthusiasm for calligraphy and painting. Naturally, he hates those who destroy calligraphy and painting. Regarding this point, Wang Guan felt that he and Mr. Lu had a lot in common and shared the same hatred and hatred
¡°Bah bang bang!¡±
At this moment, Mr. Cai clapped gently and said with an approving smile: "Listening to your words is better than studying for ten years. I have learned a lot today. I didn't expect that there are so many ways to learn in calligraphy and painting!"