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Text Chapter 53 The Battle of Kadesh

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    Kadishite City was once an important border town of the Hittite Kingdom. A war broke out here between ancient Egypt and the Hittite Kingdom. Regardless of the outcome, at least this war was written down in history.  .

    The powerful Hittite kingdom originally originated in the plateau mountains of eastern Asia Minor, in the upper reaches of the Halis River.  The original inhabitants here, called the Hittites, were neither Semites nor related to other ancient peoples.

    In about 2000 BC, a group of Neshit people belonging to the Indo-European people moved here and gradually assimilated with the local Hittites and merged into one, forming the Hittites.

    Asia Minor is the bridge and link between the Near Eastern civilization and the Aegean civilization. The Assyrians established several commercial colonies in Asia Minor from the late 3000s to the early 2000s BC, the most famous of which is the Kanish Commercial Commune.  The Assyrians also brought cuneiform writing to Asia Minor.

    From the 20th century BC to the 19th century BC, Asia Minor gradually formed city-states such as Kusar, Nessa, and Hatushash.  In the 18th century BC, King Pihana of Kusar and his successor Anida expanded outward, conquered neighboring city-states, moved the capital to Nesa, and ended Assyria's colonial activities.

    In the 17th century BC, Rabanas obtained the throne of Kusar and was named Great King, King Kusar, and founded the Hittite Kingdom.  During the reign of his son Hattusilis I, he moved the capital to Hattusash, conquered Cilicia, and its territory reached the Mediterranean coast.  After Mursilis I succeeded to the throne, he formed an alliance with the Kassite city-state Hana in the middle reaches of the Euphrates River. He captured and destroyed the city of Harpa in about 1595 BC, and then destroyed the First Babylonian Dynasty.

    When Mursilis I died in a palace conspiracy, the Hittite kingdom entered an era of great turmoil, and usurpations of the throne continued to occur. By the time Telipinus came to the throne, the Hittite territory had shrunk and was limited to central Anatolia.  Around the 14th century BC, the country recovered and gradually became stronger and developed into the Hittite Empire. Later, the Hittite Kingdom was established in Asia Minor.

    The Hittite country recorded its own history starting from the time of Rabarna, another ruler of Kusar.  Rabalna conquered the area in eastern Asia Minor, expanding the territory of the Hittite state from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.  Rabarna II brought Aralach in northern Syria to his submission, and also defeated the two major cities in the region, Ursu and Hassu.  At this time "Hittite" as a country's name began to be used to refer to the entire Hittite country.

    After the death of Rabarna II, the so-called "revolt of the slaves of the princes" occurred in the Hittites.  That is, the uprising of the people in the areas conquered by Kusar.  The princes and nobles, united by Mursili I, the successor of Hattushr I, suppressed the uprising and moved the capital to Hattush.  He ambitiously directed his conquests to the southern Mesopotamia, capturing and destroying the city of Babylon in 1595 BC.  The ancient Babylonian Kingdom never recovered, and the conquests of Hattusher and Mursili made the Hittite country a major power in the Near East at that time.

    Mursili I died due to palace conspiracy, and the Hittite Kingdom fell into a civil war for the throne.  The Hittite king Tieliepin carried out reforms in the late 16th century BC and solved the problem of succession to the throne of the Hittite Kingdom.

    The power of the Hittite kings before the Reformation was restricted by the Councils of Penkus and Turias.  These two assemblies have the power to decide on the succession to the throne and also manage judicial and other matters.  The issue of succession to the throne often causes political unrest.

    Tie Lieping established the principle of succession to the throne, that is, the eldest son should first inherit the throne. If the eldest son is absent, the second son will succeed, and so on. If there is no prince to succeed, the eldest daughter will choose her husband to be the king.  The problem of fighting and killing within the royal family has also been resolved. The king is not allowed to kill his brothers and sisters arbitrarily. Disputes within the royal family are decided by the Pencus Conference. If a relative of the king commits a crime, he alone is responsible. His family members are not allowed to be implicated, nor are they allowed to do so.  Confiscate their property.  The reforms consolidated the Hittite royal power and made the country more prosperous.

    The subsequent Hittite monarch Supiluliumas I, after improving the defense of the capital city of Hattushash, launched a war against Mitanni, regained the city of Isuva, and then captured its capital city of Vasuganni.  The Mitanni kingdom was destroyed, and parts of central Syria fell under the Hittite territory.

    After the death of Supiluliumas I, his eldest son Arnuwanda II came to the throne. Only one year later, he died in a palace conspiracy.

    The Hittites were succeeded by their youngest son Mursili II. This brave young emperor married the country's highest priestess, who represented the goddess of war Ishtar, as his concubine. He captured the city of Kachemish and completed the  Conquest of Syria.

    In the same year, the Kassite dynasty of Babylon, known as the center of the world, was also forced by its powerful military to present the princess to Mursili II as his concubine, and then huddled in a corner of the Babylonian plain to survive. At this point, Hercules  The Ladder Empire officially occupied the protagonist's position on this vast land including the Mesopotamian plains and the Anatolian plateau.

      The period from the late 15th century BC to the mid-13th century BC was the New Kingdom period in Hittite history, which was the period when the Hittite Kingdom was at its most powerful.  The Hittite Code was compiled during this period.  During the reign of King Supinuri Umash, the Hittites destroyed the strength of the Mitanni Kingdom established by the Hurits, captured Vanukani, the capital of the Mitanni Kingdom, and supported the puppet king.  His own sons also became kings of several other small kingdoms.

    During the New Kingdom, the Hittites fought a war for hegemony with Egypt in Syria.  Horemheb, Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II, the pharaohs of the early 19th Dynasty of Egypt, fought fiercely with the Hittites.  Both warring parties suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Kadesh.  When the new Hittite king Hattusili II was in power, the Hittites concluded a peace treaty with Ramses II of Egypt in 1283 BC.

    In 1246 BC, King Hattusili III adopted a marriage policy and married one of his daughters to Pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt.

    The oldest war in which a peace treaty has been handed down so far is from the late 14th century BC to the mid-13th century BC. The ancient Egypt and the Hittites fought for control of the Syrian region and launched a war that lasted for decades.

    The key battle in this war, the Battle of Kadesh, was one of the earliest recorded battles in ancient military history. The peace treaty concluded after the war is the earliest documented international military treaty document in history.

    ?? Ancient Syria was located at the junction of the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, at the strategic point of the ancient "Tin Road". It was an ancient trade hub for sea and land caravans, and has always been a battleground for great powers.

    As early as the 3000th century BC, Egypt launched several wars of conquest in Syria in an effort to establish and consolidate its hegemony in Syria.

    But Egypt¡¯s efforts to establish hegemony encountered a strong challenge from Egypt¡¯s powerful Hittite neighbors.  Around the 14th century BC, when Egypt was busy with religious reforms and had no time to think about anything else, the Hittites rose rapidly. Under the leadership of their talented and strategic king Supiluliumas, they actively advanced into Syria and gradually controlled the entire territory as far south as Damascus.  Syria has dealt a heavy blow to Egypt's vested interests in this region.

    Around 1290 BC, Pharaoh Ramses II of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt came to the throne, determined to regroup, compete with the Hittites, and restore Egypt's dominance in Syria.

    To this end, Ramesses strengthened his troops, expanded his army and prepared for war, and formed the Ptah Army, together with the original Amun Army, Rai Army and Seth Army, plus mercenaries composed of Nubians, Shardans, etc.  It has a total of 4 legions and more than 20,000 troops.

    In 1286 BC, Egypt first sent troops to occupy Berit and Byblos in southern Syria.  At the end of April of the following year, Ramesses II led his own expedition and led four legions from Garu Fortress in the eastern part of the delta. They marched north along the Ridani Valley and the Oronte Valley. After nearly a month of marching, they entered Qadi.  Camp in the highlands about 15 miles south of Kadesh in the Kadesh area. Kadish is located on the west bank of the upper reaches of the Oronte River. The river is fast, the cliffs are towering, and the terrain is dangerous. It is the choke point connecting north and south Syria, and it is also a Hittite  A military town and strategic location for the army.  The Egyptian army tried to first capture Kadesh and control the throat of the northward advance, and then advance northward to restore control of the entire Syria.

    Just as Egypt was raising its troops to move north, an intensive war preparation was also in full swing in the Hittites.  Before Ramesses II set out on his journey, the Hittites learned secret information about Egypt's upcoming expedition from spies sent to Egypt.

    Hittite King Muwatar held a royal meeting and formulated a battle plan with Kadesh as the center, holding on to key points, waiting for work, luring the enemy deep, and crushing the Egyptian army's attempt to advance northward.

    To this end, the Hittites assembled more than 20,000 troops, including 3,500 two-horse chariots, and deployed them concealed inside and outside the Kadesh Castle, intending to lure the enemy into an ambush and annihilate them in one fell swoop.

    After Ramses II led his army to camp in the highlands near Kadesh for a night, he commanded the main force to attack Kadesh early the next morning, intending to capture the fort before dusk.  Ramses II led the Ammon Army to charge forward, while the Lai Army and the Ptah Army followed behind. The Seth Army was still stranded in the Amur Road area due to its slow movement, and it was difficult to reach the battlefield for a while.

    When the Amon Army entered the Sabtuna ferry, eight miles south of Kadesh, they intercepted two "escapees" from the Hittite army. These two were actually Bedouin nomads from the "death" of the Hittites.  It was falsely reported that the main Hittite force was still far away in Harpa, a hundred miles north of Kadesh, and that the defenders of Kadish had low morale, weak strength, and were afraid of the Egyptian army, especially the Syrian princes who had long wanted to surrender to Egypt.

    Ramesses II believed it to be true, and immediately commanded the Amun Army to cross the Oronte River from the Sabutuna Ferry, and went deep into the city alone, until it reached the foot of Kadesh City.

    After hearing the news, Muwatar quickly secretly transferred the main Hittite force to the east bank of the Oronte River, forming an encirclement and surrounding the Egyptian legions.  Ramesses IIThe Hittite prisoners who had just been captured realized that they had been tricked, and immediately sent envoys to urge the Lai Army and the Ptah Army to come to their aid urgently.

    When the Lai Army arrived in the jungle south of Kadesh, the Hittite chariots that had been ambushed here unexpectedly attacked its flanks. The Lai Army suffered heavy losses. Then, the Hittite army used 2,500 chariots to attack the Egyptian Amun Army.  The fierce attack caused the Egyptian soldiers to collapse at the first touch and fled for their lives. Ramses II, who was trapped in the siege, blocked the left and right under the cover of his guards, resisted with all his strength, prayed for the blessing of the god Amun, and turned the protective lion  Release it to "protect".

    At this critical moment, a force that had stayed in the south of Amur Road during the Egyptian army's northward expedition arrived.  This support army was arranged in three lines. The first line was mainly chariots and covered by light infantry. The second line was infantry. The third line was evenly divided between infantry and chariots. It suddenly appeared behind the Hittite army and attacked the Hittite army fiercely. Ramesses II  The world was rescued from a critical situation.

    The Egyptian army launched 6 consecutive charges and drove a large number of Hetero chariots into the river.  The Hittite king also sent more chariots to the battlefield, rushed into the Egyptian army, and ordered 8,000 fortress defenders to make a short attack to cooperate. The battle was fierce.

    At dusk, the leading troops of the Egyptian Ptah Army arrived and joined the battle.  At nightfall, the Hittite army retreated to the fortress, and the battle ended. Both sides were evenly matched, and the winner was still undecided.

    In the next 16 years, wars continued, but the scale was relatively small.  Ramses II learned the lesson of underestimating the enemy's aggressive advance in the Battle of Kadesh, and adopted a strategy of steady advancement, and once returned to the Oronte River. However, the Hittites adopted a strategy of holding on to the castle and avoiding the battle, and neither side achieved a decisive victory.

    The long-term war consumption made both sides unable to fight anymore.  Around 1269 BC, the Hittite king Hattusher, who succeeded his brother Muwatar to the throne, proposed and with the consent of Ramses II, the two sides concluded a peace treaty.

    Hattusher sent the draft peace agreement written on silver tablets to Egypt, and Ramses II drew up his own draft based on it and sent it to the Hittite king.

    The full text of the treaty was inscribed in hieroglyphics on the walls of the temples at Karnak and Ramesium in Egypt.  The treaty stipulates: The two parties will achieve permanent peace, never hostility again, and always maintain a beautiful peace and a beautiful brotherly relationship. The two parties will implement mutual military assistance and jointly defend against any invading enemies. The two parties promise not to accept fugitives from the other party and will extradite fugitives.  obligations of the person.

    After the treaty was signed, the Hittite king married his eldest daughter to Ramses II. Through political marriage, the alliance between the two parties was further consolidated. The war for hegemony between Egypt and the Hittites was an important event in the history of the ancient Middle East.

    Ramses II was the last powerful pharaoh of the ancient Egyptian military empire. The Hittites were also at their peak at that time.  The decades-long military competition between the two sides has seriously weakened the strength of both sides.  Egypt did not achieve its goal of restoring its Asian territories, and Ramses II's successors increasingly faced internal and external difficulties.

    The migration wave of the "Sea Peoples" sweeping from Asia Minor in the Aegean Sea echoed the invasion of Libyan tribes, increasingly shaking the rule of the Pharaohs, and the once powerful New Kingdom gradually fell into disintegration.

    Although the Hittites occupied most of Syria, they once dominated Western Asia.  However, after the war with Egypt, the already unstable economic foundation was further shaken, and it soon began to decline.  By the end of the 13th century BC, the "Sea Peoples" invaded the Hittites from the Bosporus. The vassal countries in Asia Minor and Syria rebelled, and the Hittite state quickly collapsed.  By the 8th century BC, it was completely destroyed by Assyria.

    Like the Egyptians, the Hittites created an extremely brilliant civilization. They were a nation accustomed to war. Generations of wars made the Hittites realize that it was impossible without a strong army.  Successive Hittite kings maintained an army of up to 300,000 people.  Their weapons were advanced, using hatchets, swords, and bows.  The Hittites were famous for their iron smelting and were the first country in West Asia to invent iron smelting and use iron tools.

    Hittite mythology is the main literary expression of the Hittites, including works adapted from the creation and flood legends of the ancient Sumerians. Hittite religion also copied the polytheistic worship of Mesopotamia.  Religious activities include divination, sacrifices, fasting and prayer, but have no ethical significance.

    The Hittites used cuneiform to record their Indo-European language and created Hittite cuneiform.  The Hittites also had another set of hieroglyphs for inscriptions and seals, which may have been influenced by the original pictographs of the Hattian people and Egyptian hieroglyphics.

    The most outstanding cultural achievement of the Hittites is undoubtedly the legal system. The Hittite laws represented by the "Hittite Code" are more humane than the laws of ancient Babylon. There are not many crimes that impose the death penalty, and there are not many crimes in the Assyrian laws.  Those tortures such as skinning, castration, and nailing on wooden stakes.

    The artistic talents of the Hittites were not very outstanding, but their sculptures were novel and vivid, especially the reliefs on the stone walls.  city ??gates and palace gatesNext to it, there are usually huge and vivid stone lions carved, just like in the ruins of Kadeshite City, you can often see many such carvings.

    Their building materials mostly use boulders, which are obviously better than the adobes in the Mesopotamia. This is why more than a thousand years after the destruction of Kadesh City, most of the damaged city walls and even some castle buildings were still properly preserved.

    The historical achievement of the Hittite civilization lies not only in the discovery and use of iron, but also in its role as an intermediary for cultural exchanges between the Mesopotamia and western Asia.

    There is no doubt that certain cultural elements were spread from Mesopotamia to the Canaanites and Hyksos through this intermediary, and possibly also to the Aegean Islands. The Hittite civilization was an important part of the Egyptian civilization and the Mesopotamian civilization.  It is one of the main links between the river basin civilization and the civilizations in the Aegean region.

    The Hittite Empire once had its heyday, but the Hittite heyday only lasted for more than 100 years, and the shortcomings of the Hittite state's rule were gradually exposed.

    The failure to establish control of the sea resulted in sea peoples and countries in the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean region arbitrarily invading the Hittite coastal and inland areas.

    The leakage of the iron-smelting technology that the Hittites had long monopolized eliminated the advantage of the iron weapons that the Hittites had relied on for a long time.  In addition, constant palace battles and large-scale famine broke out in the country, which combined to cause the Hittite Kingdom to collapse around 1200 BC.

    After the empire collapsed, the Hittites were scattered in the central and southeastern Anatolian plateau and northern Syria.  From the 11th century BC to the 9th century BC, a number of city-states calling themselves the "Hittite Kingdom" appeared in these places, which is known as the "Neo-Hittite Period" in history.

    At the beginning of the 9th century BC, during the expansion movement of the Assyrian Kingdom, these small countries were included in the Assyrian national territory, and the Hittite regime ceased to exist.

    In nearly 1,000 years, the Hittites created a splendid ancient civilization, the first characteristic of which was its openness.  Although located in the northwest corner of Western Asia, the ancient inhabitants of Anatolia were never isolated from the outside world.

    After the Hittites settled in this area, they quickly integrated into the local indigenous Hattian culture, and absorbed other Indo-European immigrants, such as the culture of the Palaians and Luwians, and accepted Mesopotamian culture, Hurrian culture  The human national culture and the local culture of Syria gradually formed the Hittite culture that was inclusive and inclusive.  At the same time, due to their favorable geographical location, the Hittites also became a bridge for cultural transmission.  In the exchanges between ancient Eastern culture and early Greek culture, the Hittites played the role of middlemen.

    Another characteristic of the Hittite civilization is reflected in its political civilization.  The Hittite nation was a nation that valued order. They played a pioneering role in issues such as royal succession principles and foreign affairs.  The throne succession law promulgated by King Tie Lieping is the earliest and recorded throne succession law so far. It clearly stipulates that the eldest son has the privilege of being the first heir, which has become the basic principle of succession law for future generations.

    When it comes to how to deal with relations with neighboring countries, the Hittites pioneered the method of using treaties to consolidate the results of military conquests.  Among the many treaty documents, the peace treaty signed between the Hittite king Hattusili III and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II is the most eye-catching.

    But now, the two protagonists of the Battle of Kadesh have long since disappeared into the dust of history. Kadesh has also been reduced to ruins with the destruction of the Hittite Kingdom, leaving only a few broken rocks.  wall.

    Now, many years have passed, and this place has once again become a key point in determining the direction of the entire world, except that the two warring parties have become the Tang Empire and the Arab Empire.

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    The flag is like a forest and the horse is like a dragon.

    Thirty-five thousand soldiers of the Western Expeditionary Army of the Tang Dynasty and more than 20,000 Egyptian servants have already formed a formation. Their left wing is close to the ruins of Kadeshite City, although Kadeshishite City has long been unable to resist foreign enemies.  , but with those ruins there, the Arabs could not cross over, harass the Tang army's left wing, and then went south, lining up along the way. On the left was the 20,000 Liaodong Army led by Xue Ne, and on the right was another Tang Army general Du Yaoshi.  , led the 3,000 Liaodong Army and the Tianzhu Army, with Du Xuewen in the middle commanding the Zuotun Guards, as well as the 1,000 Mo swordsmen among the Tianzhu Army, and of course the Egyptians who surrendered to the Tang Army.

    Like the original Battle of Cannae, Du Xuewen placed the center very forward, and the entire formation formed a big crescent shape.

    Smoke and dust rose not far away, and the Arabs arrived. Facing such a battle for the first time, Du Xuewen was inevitably a little nervous, but he was more excited.

    Du Xuewen has grown up listening to Du Rui's heroic deeds since he was a child. When he was born, Du Rui was still in Sanhan, opening up territory for the Tang Dynasty.He kept hearing people talk about his father's great achievements. When almost everyone mentioned his father, there was unabashed admiration in their eyes.

    Du Xuewen also admired his father, but Du Rui put too much pressure on him. This is why, after he passed the military examination, he insisted on going to Liaodong to join the army. Of course he knew that the Forbidden Army was the strongest elite of the Tang Dynasty.  Every soldier is proud to be selected into the Forbidden Army, but Du Xuewen rejected Du Rui's arrangement. It was not that he didn't want to, he just wanted to go to a place where his father's light could not shine and prove his ability.

    But in the Liaodong Army, Du Rui's brilliance still made him unable to hide. Those Liaodong Army were all the old foundation left when Du Rui conquered the Khitans and annihilated the Three Koreas. Everyone took care of him, which made him very happy.  It's hard to be in real danger and fight hard.

    Now that Du Xuewen has arrived in Egypt, in this place that even Du Rui is unfamiliar with, he can finally be Du Xuewen, instead of continuing to be Du Rui's son and the major general of the Du family.

    "Young Master! The big cannibal is coming!"

    Du Xuewen's personal guard captain reminded him in a low voice that Du Xuewen's personal guard was also selected for him by Du Rui personally when he left Chang'an. Their fathers had followed Du Rui to the battlefield and made contributions, and now it was their turn.

    Du Xuewen smiled, suddenly became interested, and said with a smile: "How are you? Are you nervous?"

    The captain of the guard smiled and said: "Young Master, what are you talking about? Back then, the villain's father went into battle with him to kill the enemy, and he was able to survive a hundred deaths. The villain also went to Australia with him to fight for peace.  Betrayal, I don¡¯t care about these small scenes, if the big food dog dares to come forward, I will kill him!"

    Du Xuewen laughed when he heard this and said: "Well said! Just kill him!"

    After Du Xuewen finished speaking, he mobilized his war horses. Before arriving at the military formation, he could clearly see the perseverance and indomitable courage on the faces of every Tang army soldier. This was the reason why the Tang Empire could prosper to this day.

    It is precisely because of these countless heroic athletes who fought hard in every corner of the world and demonstrated the majesty and illustrious martial arts of the Tang Dynasty that the Tang Dynasty became what it is today.

    The Tang Dynasty will not disappear into the dust of history like the ancient Egypt and Hittites that have been wiped out, and it is also because the Tang Dynasty has these fearless warriors.

    "The brave soldiers of the Tang Dynasty!"

    Du Xuewen urged the war horses to gallop back and forth in front of the military formation, roaring almost at the top of his lungs: "Some of you once followed my father, holding high the battle flag of the Tang Empire, and fought in Liaodong, Tubo, and China.  Ya, the sword in your hands, Changshu, has defeated countless enemies, opened up territories for the Tang Dynasty, and declared the power of the Tang Dynasty to His Majesty the Emperor of the Tang Empire. You have witnessed with your own eyes the defeat of countless nations and countries under the iron heel of the Tang Dynasty.  I have witnessed countless brave and loyal Paoze brothers die on the battlefield, using their own blood and lives to fulfill their commitment to this empire. Now~~~~~I want to tell you, now, right now, it¡¯s my turn to  It¡¯s time for those of us who once promised our Emperor our boundless loyalty to the Empire in front of the Chengtian Gate. Now it¡¯s time to fulfill our promise! I will lead you as you have followed  Looking at my father's back, I will fight on the battlefield and lead you to defeat all opponents. You all have parents, brothers, wives and children. Your relatives all hope that you can return to your hometown safely. However, we are soldiers of the Tang Dynasty, and we are the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty.  We, the best soldiers of the Tang Empire, shoulder the mission entrusted to us by this empire. In front of us, at this moment, there are opponents ten times our size. They are our mortal enemies, the cannibals.  In Congling, hundreds of thousands of our Paoze brothers were slaughtered by them. Now it¡¯s time to take revenge. We may die, maybe we will all die here, but death is not terrible. What is truly terrible is that if you do nothing in your life, you will eventually die of old age.  Lying on the sick bed is a shame for a man. A man is born to carry a three-foot sword, perform unparalleled feats, fight on the battlefield, and wrap his body in horse leather to become a man!"

    After Du Xuewen said these words, his voice became a little hoarse. He drew out his sword and ran back and forth in front of the soldiers, so that every soldier could see his presence and see that he, the general, was with them.  .

    "The Tang Dynasty is victorious!"

    The morale of all the officers and soldiers of the Tang Army was mobilized by Du Xuewen's words. At this moment, let alone 200,000 people in front of them, even 2 million, they could rush forward and kill them.  Let the enemy show their mettle. They may be defeated, but they must never admit defeat without a fight.

    "The Great Tang Wansheng! The Great Tang Wansheng! The Great Tang Wansheng~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"

    At this time, there is no need for more rhetoric or any other methods.Only these four words are enough to express their faith, their commitment, and their infinite loyalty to the Tang Dynasty.

    "The Tang Dynasty is victorious!"

    Du Xuewen returned to his position, dismounted, and stood in the team like an ordinary Tang Army soldier, holding the sword given to him by Du Rui in his hand, the sword given to him by Emperor Taizong.

    Today, most of the soldiers of the Tang Army are also very different. The cavalry that the Tang Army is best at seems to have been abandoned, only part of it is retained on both wings, and the rest of the Tang Army soldiers are all dismounted.

    The Tang army gave up the cavalry warriors they were good at. Although they were somewhat willing to sacrifice their strengths and weaknesses, the soft sandy land outside Kadesh City was really not suitable for large-scale cavalry galloping, and infantry combat was obviously more suitable for Du Xuewen's tactics.

    The smoke in the distance was gradually approaching, and the Arabs were already coming up.

    At this moment, Ali's brows were getting tighter and tighter. Just now, in just a dozen miles, many horses had broken their legs and many soldiers had fallen. This made Ali, who was originally full of confidence, now worried.  .

    "General! The soil here is too soft! It is not suitable for war horses to gallop at all. We must find a way!"

    Of course Ali knew that he should find a way. A few days ago, Ali noticed this when he passed by here. At that time, the situation was constant and emergencies occurred one after another. However, at that time, the Arab army was not as embarrassed as it is now.  , at that time, there were no pursuers behind them, so they were ignored. But now, Ali had to face this problem squarely.

    "General! The Tang people in front have formed a formation!" Tan Ma finally saw clearly this time.

    Hearing this, Ali quickly asked: "How many people are there!?"

    "It looks like there are at least 30,000 to 50,000 people!"

    "Thirty to fifty thousand people, the Tang people are crazy, they think they can defeat us with such a small number of people!"

    "How arrogant!"

    "Damn the Tang Dynasty! General! Charge forward now. There are more than 200,000 of us. Even one of us can drown them with just a spit of spit!"

    "Yes! Sir General! Kill all those arrogant Tang people! Let's take a good breath of evil!"

    These days, the soldiers and generals of the Arab Empire are really feeling aggrieved. They originally planned to go to the Sinai Peninsula to expel the Tang army, but they traveled a long distance. Before they saw anyone, they heard that Alexandria had fallen. There was nothing they could do.  They could only turn back, being led by Tang Jun back and forth, which made them angry.

    Now, there are only 30,000 to 50,000 Tang troops in front of them. This is obviously a good opportunity to vent. How can they not be excited.

    "Shut up, everyone!"

    Ali had a sullen face. He did not underestimate the enemy like these big soldiers. Although he had no experience against the Tang army, he knew very well that the Tang army was definitely not easy to deal with. Otherwise, how could the Arab cavalry across Europe, Asia and Africa be possible?  Will suffer consecutive defeats at the hands of the Tang army.

    "What's the current situation of Tang Jun!?"

    Tan Ma quickly replied: "Tang Jun~~~~~~~~~~ They all dismounted? It seems they are planning to fight on foot!"

    "Infantry fighting! The Tang people are really crazy, General! Don't hesitate any more, cavalry versus infantry, we can kill them all with just one charge!"

    "Yes! Come on! The Tang people are obviously here to die! Rush up and kill them all!"

    Ali was still calm, thought carefully, and said: "Give me the order! Everyone dismount!"

    "What? Everyone dismount?" Hamas was the first to shout, "Ali! Are you crazy? The warriors of Allah are best at cavalry warfare, and you actually asked the soldiers to dismount? What on earth do you have in mind?  !¡±

    "Yes! Can't dismount? Cavalry combat is our strength. We can't sacrifice our strengths to take advantage of our weaknesses!"

    Although the other Arab generals did not speak, it was obvious that they supported Hamas!

    Ali's face became more and more gloomy. He drew out his scimitar, pointed it at Hamas, and said angrily: "Don't forget that I am the commander here now. Haven't you noticed? The soil here is soft and there is no way to do it."  It is not suitable for galloping. It was because the Tang Dynasty people discovered this that they gave up horse fighting. Do you want the soldiers to be thrown to their backs when charging?"

    Hamas¡¯s face turned purple when Ali said it, and he opened his mouth, but he had nothing to say. He really had nothing to say, and just now his horse also broke its leg.

    Others were also speechless. When Ali reminded them, they realized how stupid they were.

    Ali saw that there was no more opposition, then said: "Since there is nothing more to say, then dismount now!"

    "As Ali said, he was the first to dismount from his horse and walk towards the battlefield with his head held high. Others saw this and could only imitate him. They dismounted one after another and followed Ali towards the battlefield.

    Liang Jun is getting closer and closer, and soon he can see each other.

    Sure enough, just as the first scout reported when he came back, under the refraction of the sun, the bright light armor on Tang Jun's body shone brightly, making people unable to open their eyes.

    Ali blocked the light and looked over with a frown. He couldn't help but be surprised when he saw that the Tang army had just formed a long snake formation. After all, their numbers had an absolute advantage. As long as they charged hard, they could easily break through the Tang army.  The middle road will be divided and surrounded when the time comes, and the Tang army will be doomed.

    Is it because the commander of the Tang Army has no experience?

    Once this idea appeared in Ali's mind, Ali immediately became less calm than before.

    Ali forced himself to calm down a little, carefully analyzed all the pros and cons, and after a long while he said: "Gather all the troops and attack the enemy's center!"

    When the captain of the Mubak Guards heard this, he frowned and said, "General Ali! The Tang Army's bows and arrows are powerful. If we all gather together, the losses will be huge!"

    Of course Ali knew this, but he had his own arrangements: "I know that the Tang people's crossbows are very powerful. It was because Governor Ibrasi Muhammad suffered heavy losses from the Tang army's crossbow array that he repeatedly lost to the Tang people.  ! But the current situation does not allow us to look forward or backward. As long as we all concentrate and attack the enemy's center, I think we will be able to break through their interception soon. The time we need now must be fought quickly. If it is too scattered,  , it is easy for the Tang people to seize the opportunity to counterattack!"

    Ali once studied the Tang Army¡¯s tactics and found that the Tang Army was best at the crossbow array, a large-scale interspersion, segmentation and encirclement, and then sent out surprise troops to directly attack the opponent¡¯s command center.

    Du Rui was like this at the gate of Qiuci. He disrupted Ibrasi Muhammad's deployment in one fell swoop and paralyzed the Arab army's command system before defeating Ibrahi Muhammad in one fell swoop.  .

    After hearing this, the captain of the Guards felt that it made sense, so he nodded and said: "Okay! Let's do it like this!"

    Now the captain of the Guards can only place all his hopes on Ali, and he can only unconditionally support Ali's decision.

    The order was quickly passed on, and Ali also kept an eye on it at this time. He ordered all the Egyptian servants to be disrupted and redistributed to the various legions of the Arab army. When launching a charge, they would be carried forward together.  , in order to prevent those Egyptians from taking the opportunity to cause chaos after the war started.

    Du Xuewen watched every move of the Arab army. When he saw that the Arab army began to gather, he felt overjoyed. So far, his plan had been half successful. The next step was to rely on  Really good work.
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