¡ª¡ªThat contest pitted Moses and Aaron on one side and the priests in Pharaoh¡¯s court on the other. In order to frighten the Egyptian tyrant, Aaron threw his staff to the ground. As soon as it hit the ground, of course it immediately changed into a snake
Undeterred, Pharaoh called his wise men and sorcerers, "They were Egyptian sorcerers, and they practiced sorcery in the same way. Each of them threw down his staff, and it turned into a snake." However, Aaron's Because the rod was filled with the divine power of Jehovah, it swallowed up the rods of the magicians. In the second round of the contest, Moses and Aaron turned the water of the Nile into blood. Although this plan was amazing, Pharaoh remained unmoved because " The Egyptians who practiced magic also practiced sorcery"""The fastest update and full text hand-typing
Then, Moses and Aaron caused a plague of mosquitoes, and Pharaoh¡¯s magicians also used sorcery to do the same. However, the mosquito plague caused by Moses and Aaron greatly defeated Pharaoh¡¯s magicians. ¡°The sorcerers also use sorcery to bring forth children.¡± The lice come, but they can't
So there were lice on people and animals, and they said to Pharaoh, "This is God's way."
The stone-hearted king still refused to free the Hebrew slaves. He was punished with a "plague of flies" for this. Soon after, a plague killed most of his livestock."
Read the latest chapter
Then, Moses caused a plague of boils. It is recorded in the Book of Exodus: He raised a handful of ashes to the sky and caused a plague of boils.
Moses then used his magic wand to cause thunderbolts of hail and a plague of locusts, causing "darkness in Egypt" for three full days. Finally, the Hebrew prophet managed to remove "all the firstborn sons in the land of Egypt, from Pharaoh who sat on his throne until he was The firstborn sons of those who were captives and in prison were killed, as well as all the firstborn of livestock.¡±
After this, ¡°The Egyptians urged the people to send them out of the land quickly, because the Egyptians said, ¡°We are all going to die.¡±
From then on, the Israelites began to escape from Egypt. They spent a long, dangerous and magical time.
In the meantime, they made the Ark of the Covenant at the foot of Mount Sinai. However, they could only reach Sinai only by crossing the Red Sea. So Moses once again demonstrated the power of his magic: Moses pointed at the red staff, and the Lord used a strong east wind to cause the sea to recede overnight, and the water When the Israelites parted, the sea became dry land. The Israelites went into the sea and walked on dry land, and the water formed a wall on their left and right.
As everyone who has been to Sunday school remembers, the Egyptian pursuers followed the Israelites ¡°down into the sea.¡± He threw them into the sea, and the water came back and covered the chariots and the horsemen. Not even one of Pharaoh's army who followed the Israelites into the sea was left, but the Israelites walked on dry land in the sea, and the water built a wall on their left and right.
It is conceivable that the Bible once again emphasizes the power of God: Although Moses bowed to the red several times, it was God who made the sea "retreat" and "restore" again.
However, it can be found from ancient records that Egyptian priests and mages were said to often make the sea and lakes obey their orders. Therefore, some later people found it a little difficult to accept this one-sided statement in the Bible.
After all, the Bible itself is always a religious book. Even if it contains a lot of scientific knowledge, it is still difficult to avoid falling into the vicious cycle of praising God.
For example, an ancient document called the "Papyrus of Huesca" is an ancient Egyptian document discovered in 1824. It records the historical legends of the Ancient Kingdom of Egypt in 2000 BC.
The above records a story from the early Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. About 1500 years before the time of Moses, it was mentioned that there was a high priest named Chacha Em Anker in the court of Pharaoh Senefru.
One day, the Pharaoh was boating on the lake, and "he was accompanied by 20 young virgins, all of them with hair like clouds, beautiful figures, and slender limbs." One of the beauties dropped her most beloved bracelet into the lake, and she was not allowed to ride on it. Heart
However, the Pharaoh called the wizard Chacha Em Anker: he chanted a spell to make the lake water overlap. He found the bracelet on a broken pot at the bottom of the lake, so he picked it up and gave it to the girl.
At this moment, the water in the lake was 12 cubits deep, but after Chacha Em Anker put one layer of lake water on top of another, the water depth reached 24 cubits. Repeat the way it was before
Although the story recorded in the Huesca Papyrus also touches on other, more trivial events, scholars believe that many of its points can only be seen as strikingly similar to "The Waters of the Parting of the Red Sea."
In the view of scholars who study ancient history, an extremely Egyptian ancient legend about magic undoubtedly shows that Moses was a master in creating huge miracles.
Studying ancient historical literatureWhen providing information, one must first assume that it is true, and then prove it to be false. If it cannot be proven, or the information is insufficient and it is difficult to determine the authenticity, the record is generally considered to be true and correct.
This is the attitude of learning, and real scholars use this method to explore knowledge. If you deny certain knowledge in advance, no matter how you study, you will not be able to draw valuable conclusions.
The reason is simple: fools cannot read well
Butch, a white scholar who served as the curator of ancient Egyptian and ancient Assyrian antiquities at the British Museum, made the following comments about Moses' magic: Moses was a master of magical ritual performances. He was also proficient in the related charms and spells. Knowledge of magicthe miracles he created
Butch also believed that Moses was not only a priest, but also a most advanced magician and even a high priest.
In the process of civilization archeology and knowledge exploration about ancient Egypt, ancient texts were added relatively late, while Western scholars began to interpret ancient Egyptian civilization very early due to geographical location and historical reasons.
It is a well-known fact that the current Egypt has nothing to do with ancient Egypt. It is just a geographical inheritance, but culturally it is another form and way.
This has also led to difficulties for scholars in interpreting ancient Egyptian civilization. The most concerning thing is: Is magic a secret science?
As a high priest of the Egyptian temple, Moses undoubtedly mastered a large amount of knowledge of ancient Egyptian mysticism, and mastered the half-magic and half-religious "science" that was secret among the priests.
Modern Egyptologists all admit that there is such a knowledge. Through in-depth research, we can also know that Western scholars have almost no idea what this knowledge actually includes.
The inscriptions on the tombs of senior monks in the temple mentioned this knowledge vaguely, but there are almost no written records about this knowledge. Most of its contents can only be passed down orally among enlightened people.
However, academics believe that the rest of it has been destroyed intentionally or unintentionally. When the fire engulfed the Library of Alexandria, who can know how many academic treasures were destroyed?
By the 2nd century BC, the Library of Alexandria was famous for its collection of at least 200,000 scriptures and manuscripts.
But there is no need to speculate: as Herodotus pointed out in the 5th century BC: "Egypt has more miracles than any other country in the world, and Egypt has more books than any other place in the world."
This well-traveled ancient Greek historian accomplished many things during his lifetime. His works are still in print today. He rightly assessed the ancient Egyptians, saying that they were "the first to invent the year and divide the year into 12 parts." of human beings¡±
Herodotus also said that he had studied the magical mysteries of Egyptian priests, but he immediately said that he was unable or unwilling to disclose the results of his research, which really made Eastern archaeologists feel helpless.
Herodotus visited Egypt and left it with a clear impression that there were indeed some hidden secrets there, and these secrets were by no means just religious red tape and mystique.
Herodotus was neither the first nor the last person to have this experience
The ancient culture of Egypt initially reached greatness by applying some advanced but now lost scientific knowledge. Scholars have discovered that this is indeed one of the most enduring and universal concepts in human history.
This concept is equally attractive to the impatient eccentric as it is to the sober and dispassionate scholar
It has also triggered countless debates, criticisms, bold speculations and careful examinations.
Some papyri and inscriptions go even further and describe them as the same god, or at least performing the same functions.
They often appear at the same time in the "Judgement Hall" in heaven, where the souls of the dead are weighed on the "Great Scale". Osiris is the judge and final arbiter here, and his status is often higher than that of Soth; Soth is just a recorder, responsible for recording the verdict.
However, many of the panels of the Book of the Dead reverse this relationship, as does a large illustration from a New Kingdom tomb papyrus in Thebes, in which Osiris sits passively, Record and read the verdict issued by Soth
This means that Thos and Osiris are not only the moon gods, but also the gods of death. They may also be brothers. They are also legislators and judges.
During the investigation, although the scholars of the Ancient Literature Society discovered these similarities with great interest, they initially did not see any relationship between them and the Ark of the Covenant that the scholars were pursuing.
Later, these scholars suddenly thought that there was an unchangeable connection between the two gods.??This connection also conceptually linked them to Moses and all his deeds: like Moses, these two gods were first and foremost heroes who spread civilization, and they also bestowed upon them the benefits and prosperity of a religious, legal, and social order. own followers
Thos invented writing and science and brought them and many other miracles of enlightenment to the world so that Egyptian civilization could be improved and enhanced. Similarly, Egyptians also generally believed that Osiris played a role in the evolution and development of Egyptian society. Key role
When Osiris began to rule the earth as the god-king, the country of Egypt was still in a barbaric, crude and uneducated state, and the Egyptians themselves were still barbarians.
However, when Osiris returned to heaven from Egypt, he left behind an advanced and highly civilized country. He made many contributions to Egypt, including teaching the Egyptians to cultivate land, plant grain and barley, plant grapes, and teach They worshiped the gods and asked them to give up their former barbaric customs. He also gave the Egyptians a law
Of course, such legends may be fabricated. However, thinking about the problem from a speculative perspective, scholars still can't help but want to figure out one thing: Egypt became a great empire because of its debt to Sos and Osiris. Is there something more behind the legend of the country than pure fantasy and hearsay?
?? Couldn¡¯t this omniscient and omnipotent moon god be some kind of mythical version of historical truth? Could it not be a metaphor for some real person or group who in ancient times brought the blessings of civilization and science to a primitive land?
??If the spreaders of civilization had not heard soon that there was still a huge mystery, a mystery that no one has ever given a clear answer to
In fact, the Egyptian civilization did not go through a slow and painful period of development as people expected, but seemed to emerge all of a sudden and was fully developed.
No matter how you measure it, the transition period from primitive society to advanced society is so short that it cannot be called a "historical stage." Some technologies should have developed hundreds or even thousands of years almost overnight. appeared suddenly, and there seemed to be no preconditions
For example, there are no signs of writing at all in the Predynastic ruins of 3600 BC. Later, hieroglyphics were found in many ruins in ancient Egypt. It came out of nowhere and cannot be explained.
Not only that, these hieroglyphs are also extremely complete. These written symbols are by no means simple pictures depicting objects and actions, but have complex structural systems, including phonetic symbols and detailed numerical symbol systems.
Even the earliest hieroglyphs were stylized symbols. In addition, there is a clear historical fact: by the beginning of the First Dynasty, the Egyptians were already using an advanced cursive script.
What is surprising in all this is that there is absolutely no trace of the transition from simple hieroglyphics to complex hieroglyphics. The same goes for the development of mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and architecture of the ancient Egyptians.
In addition, the Egyptians¡¯ religious-mythological system is surprisingly rich and complex, but it seems to have developed overnight. Even sophisticated books like the Book of the Dead existed as early as the beginning of the dynasty.
Regrettably, there is no space here to list all or even part of the information to prove that Egyptian civilization suddenly emerged.
At this point, there is an authoritative opinion from Professor Walter Emery, who was a professor of Egyptology at the University of London during his lifetime: During the period around 3400 BC, great changes took place in Egypt.
The country suddenly developed from a Neolithic cultural state with complex tribal characteristics into a well-organized monarchy
At the same time, written text appeared, monumental architecture and craftsmanship also developed astonishingly. All these evidences point to the existence of a rich and prosperous civilization.
All these achievements were achieved in a relatively short period of time, because these major developments in written language and architectural art seemed to have little or no background.
Scholars believe that one explanation for this phenomenon is that the sudden prosperity of Egyptian culture came from a known civilization in the ancient world, namely the Sumerian civilization
The Sumerian civilization was located in the lower reaches of the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia, and was most likely the transmitter of the Egyptian civilization. Moreover, although there are many differences between the Egyptian civilization and the Sumerian civilization, it can still be proved that the two There are many similarities in architectural style, and they remind people of the connection between the two places.
However, these similarities are not enough to make people conclude that this connection actually illustrates a causal relationship, that is, one society directly affects the other
On the contrary, as Professor Emery points out,??, scholars' view is that the connection between the two civilizations is indirect, and perhaps there is a third civilization whose influence spread to both the Euphrates and the Nile
Modern scholars often fail to see the possibility that a putative yet undiscovered area may have immigrated to the two areas mentioned above (the best explanation for the common characteristics and major differences between the Egyptian and Suguan civilizations is The third civilization spread its cultural achievements to Egypt and Mesopotamia respectively
This theory explains a seemingly mysterious historical fact: the Egyptians and the Sumerians of Mesopotamia actually worshiped the same moon gods, and in their respective theogony, the moon gods were among the oldest gods
China also has a history of Chang'e flying to the moon. Even in the ancient Chinese mythology story system, Chang'e had a very high status until "Journey to the West" described her as a dancing girl in heaven.
Just like the god Soth, the Sumerian moon god "Xin" is also in charge of the function of dividing time. "When the moon begins to shine on the earth, you shall show its two horns to mark the sixth day and the seventh day." Divide it in two, and on the fourteenth day you shall reveal your whole face.¡±
Like the god Soth, "Xin" is also regarded as omniscient and omnipotent. At the end of each month, the other gods in the Sumerian theogony come to "Xin" for advice and let him make decisions for them.
This correspondence between "Sin" and Soth is by no means just a coincidence. More than one person intuitively realized this. The famous Egyptologist E.A. Sir Wallis Butch also pointed out: The relationship between these two gods It's too similar to be a coincidence
It would be wrong to say that the Egyptians borrowed the moon god from the Sumerians, or vice versa, but we can speculate that the people of both regions derived their theological systems from some very distant common source.
Therefore, the question is: What is that "extremely remote common source"? Where is that "supposedly undiscovered area"?
The advanced "third civilization" mentioned by Butch and Emoreso, with this reasoning, you will suddenly enter a point where you will be completely confused: human progress does not come from technology, but from religion. , science is just a tool of religion
This makes it easy to understand why Newton finally believed in God, because the existence and evolution of this world itself is crazy enough!
And God and the Ark of the Covenant itself also have such an incomprehensible connection (to be continued)