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Text Chapter 1,342 Unlimited Oil

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    Chapter 1,342 Unlimited Oil

    Oil is not a resource that is derived from the remains of ancient creatures through special changes as described in textbooks, but is a product of the fission of the earth's core. It is basically unlimited. I am a farmer and read it all.

    Petroleum is a viscous dark brown liquid, sometimes a little green. There are petroleum reserves in parts of the upper crust of the earth. It is composed of a mixture of different hydrocarbons. Its main component is alkanes. In addition, petroleum also contains sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and vanadium.  and other elements

    However, the composition and appearance of oil in different oil fields can be very different. Oil is mainly used as fuel and gasoline. Fuel oil and gasoline constitute one of the most important primary energy sources in the world.

    Petroleum is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. Today, 88% of the petroleum mined is used as fuel, and the other 12% is used as raw material for the chemical industry. Since petroleum is a non-renewable raw material, many people's petroleum  Exhaustion will bring serious consequences to mankind. Petroleum is also called black gold because of its high value.

    There are abundant reserves in the Persian Gulf in the Middle East, and there are also large reserves in Russia, the United States, Canada, China, Mexico, Venezuela and Central Asia.

    The common unit of measurement for oil, "barrel", is a unit of capacity, which is 42 US gallons. Because the density of oil produced in different places is different, the weight of a barrel of oil is also different. Generally, there are about 7.3 barrels in one ton of oil.

    Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are saturated hydrocarbons under hydrocarbons. Most of their overall structures are only composed of hydrocarbon-carbon single bonds and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. They are also the simplest organic compounds.  It can be further subdivided into paraffins and cycloalkanes.

    Its name "alkane" is the word "carbon" created by chemists taking the fire in the lower right corner of "carbon" and adding "end" to indicate that its structure contains carbon, while "end" means that the valence of carbon atoms in its molecular structure is complete.  It means enough. This is also the main component of petroleum. Of course, it is also composed of various other elements.

    The evolution of petroleum is currently officially promoted as the theory of biological generation, but it should be noted that this is only hypothetical and not a definite scientific result.

    Most geologists believe that petroleum, like coal and natural gas, was gradually formed from ancient organic matter through a long process of compression and heating. According to this theory, petroleum was formed from the remains of prehistoric animals and algae, and land plants generally formed coal.

    Over a long period of geological time, these organic matter were mixed with silt and buried under thick sedimentary rocks. Under the high temperature and pressure underground, they gradually transformed, first forming waxy oil shale, and later degenerating into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.

    Since these hydrocarbons are lighter than nearby rocks, they seep upward into nearby rock formations until they penetrate into the tight, impenetrable, and porous rock formations above.

    The oil gathered together in this way forms an oil field. Through drilling and pumping, people can obtain oil from the oil field. Geologists call the temperature range in which oil forms the "oil window."

    If the temperature is too low, oil cannot form, and if the temperature is too high, natural gas will form. Although the depth of oil formation varies around the world, the "typical" depth is four to six kilometers. Since oil will penetrate into other rock formations after it is formed, the actual depth  The field may be much shallower

    Therefore, three conditions are needed to form an oil field: rich source rock permeability channels and a rock structure that can accumulate oil. The direct consequence of this theory is that the crude oil is in quantity and can be mined.

    Theorist of abiotic oil formation by astronomer Thomas Gold

    Developed on the basis of the theories of Russian petroleum geologist Nikolai Kudryavchev

    Gold is an Austrian-born astrophysicist who served as a reading professor at Cornell. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a member of the Royal Society. Gold was one of the three people who proposed the now almost abandoned theory of the steady state of the universe in the early 1950s.  one of the young scientists

    Gold¡¯s research is interdisciplinary, involving biophysics, astronomy, aerospace engineering, and geophysics

    The theory is that there is already a lot of carbon within the Earth's crust, and some of this carbon exists naturally in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are lighter than the water in the interstices of the rock, so the biomarkers in the oil that seep upward along the interstices of the rock are produced by the living organisms.  Heat-loving microorganisms in rocks cause a problem that has nothing to do with oil itself

    This theory has only a few supporters among geologists. It is generally used to explain unexplained oil inflows in some oil fields, but this phenomenon rarely occurs.

    In the past, it was believed that oil is formed from animal carcasses. Therefore, oil is a non-renewable energy source.

    However, in the original time and space, according to a 2003 study in the United States, many dry oil wells can still produce oil after being abandoned for a period of time.

     In fact, the United States has known this result for a long time, but until the enemy Russia had factual basis, it reluctantly could no longer cover it up, otherwise it would be very shameless.

    Therefore, the United States has also determined that oil may not be a biologically generated mineral, but a product of hydrocarbons that have been exposed to radiation in the interior of the earth.

    The consequence of this theory is that there is plenty of oil in the latest chapter!  You read that right, there is plenty of oil on the earth!

    How to produce oil

    Digging a well is too cumbersome. The chemical substances that make up petroleum can be separated from each other by fractionation. The processed products include kerosene, benzene, gasoline, paraffin, asphalt, etc. Strictly speaking, petroleum is made of aliphatic hydrocarbons composed of hydrogen and carbon.  Main ingredients

    Oil is also a strategic reserve material. You have to rely on it when fighting a war or in a disaster. Crude oil is an energy source. Without it, nothing can be moved, so it is a very high-level strategic material.

    As long as there is sedimentary rock oil shale, there will be oil, which can be generated after a period of time. However, coal is indeed limited because the process that requires evolution takes too long for humans.

    Famous American economist and geopolitical scientist William Endall: Oil is an inexhaustible "renewable energy source"

    "Oil does not originate from dinosaur remains but inorganic substances deep in the earth, and it is far from reaching its peak." In 2011, in his new book "The Big Game of Petroleum," Endall said, "The hearts of the American elite are not beautiful.  "

    He firmly believes that the theory that oil is scarce or even depleted is a conspiracy created by the American and British oil interest groups to control the market. He is trying to subvert some of our previous perceptions.

    William Endall was born in 1944 in a typical middle-class family in Minnesota, USA. His father is a descendant of Swedish immigrants and his mother is a music teacher.

    When he was five years old, he contracted polio and had to rely on a wheelchair all year round. "Although it is difficult to explain, it is not a bad luck, but a huge gift from God." Endall believes that it is this reason that made him see the world.  It¡¯s reached the point where ordinary people can¡¯t see the advantages they don¡¯t want to see.

    In 1962, Endall was admitted to Princeton University in the United States with a full scholarship. When he studied engineering, he came into contact with children of wealthy American families for the first time. In his class, there were children of the DuPont family and children of the Rockefeller family.

    "My experience at Princeton was shocking to me. It was the first time in my life that I experienced the moral depravity of this section of America. I had never seen anyone completely insensitive to people who were not part of their circle. This experience had a profound impact on me."  It had a huge impact on my subsequent writing. I knew too well the mentality of the American elite, and their hearts were not beautiful,¡± Ndall recalled.

    After that, Endall switched to politics and graduated from Princeton. At that time, the United States was undergoing a huge ideological change, and the Vietnam War was ongoing. Like many people, Endall began to realize that the direction guided by the American elite was wrong, so he chose to go to Boston.  Participated in poverty alleviation work and witnessed the suffering of people living in slums

    Then he left the United States to study for a doctoral degree in Sweden, where he met students from all over the world and studied "Das Kapital". This experience opened up a new perspective for him

    After completing his studies, he returned to the United States and began a career of research and thinking as a freelance writer. In the 1980s, Engdauer moved to Germany. He examined U.S. policies from the perspective of a well-placed American and engaged in research on world oil, energy, and nuclear energy.  Research on some major topics in finance and geopolitics

    "The statement of oil depletion is a deliberately created myth. Under this myth, the statement that oil will be used up has pushed up the price of oil. Oil has become a tool to control the speed of economic development. The matter of running out of oil cannot be ignored.  Yes, oil does not come from the petrification of dead animal carcasses. It is something that is continuously generated from deep in the ground. As long as you can find a way to find oil, you can solve the problem of oil shortage." Endor  think so

    After extensive investigation and contact with many Ukrainian scientists, he discovered that the current Russian "inorganic theory of petroleum", that is, the theory that petroleum is generated in the earth's mantle and is inexhaustible, has been refuted by traditional petroleum geology as  It's so whimsical that those American and British oil interest groups who insist on the "petroleum organic theory" have created a conspiracy to control the market with a scarcity theory.

    "In fact, the price of oil has nothing to do with supply and demand since the late 1980s. For example, in July 2008, the world's oil price reached US$170 per barrel. Does this make sense? Does this have anything to do with the supply and demand of oil? There is no main reason  It is related to those companies on Wall Street related to oil futures. Control has always been a small group of American and British oil companies - once known as the "Seven Sisters of Oil" and now merged into four: Exxon Mobil, Chevron, Shell  In the late 1980s, a new financial instrument, oil futures, became popular, opening up a new partnership between the United States and Britain to control oil.??This mechanism throws aside the traditional laws of oil supply and demand, can control oil prices during critical periods, and provides them with unlimited possibilities for using oil to launch economic wars. The latest chapter of the "Urban Superpower Terminator" Ndall argued this way.  View

    Some experts believe that the organic theory and inorganic theory of petroleum were both proposed by Russian academic circles in the 18th and mid-19th centuries. Although the industry has been constantly arguing about the organic and inorganic theories, they are both considered as two theories.

    Some experts believe that although the organic theory of petroleum is a natural scientific conclusion, it can cause expected behavior in the market and cause somersault behavior in prices. Therefore, some people believe that the production of petroleum is blocked, and then a kind of supply of petroleum is created.  Use nervous emotions to manipulate the market to push up oil prices and obtain more benefits.

    "Once the mask of Western oil's organic theory is taken off, the price of oil will be like the original spice, and it will be difficult to maintain high prices." Engdauer once made such a prediction

    He believes that in order to achieve military control over the oil resources of the entire Islamic world, the United States has formulated a "Greater Middle East" plan, which starts from Morocco in the west, across Libya, Egypt, Sudan, the Persian Gulf, and reaches Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east.

    The ultimate goal of the Greater Middle East Plan is to firmly control the core strategic resource - oil and use it as a bargaining chip to blackmail oil importing countries in the future. Its ultimate goal is to create unprecedented global hegemony

    Faced with these phenomena that challenge traditional petroleum geological theories, people seem to have reason to believe that: the oil in some oil fields in the world seems to be being continuously replenished; some oil and gas may come from deep in the earth's crust; the generation, migration and accumulation of oil may be related to earthquakes  , and earthquakes are just a symptom of crustal movement. Can they "send" oil and gas deep underground?

    The long-standing "inorganic generation theory of petroleum". The generation of oil and gas may be one of the most hotly debated issues in geological science in the 20th century. It is also an old and sensitive issue. Counting from the famous Russian chemist Mendeleev, the formation of oil and gas inorganic  Hypotheses about the cause have been proposed for more than 100 years

    In the original time and space, starting from the beginning of the 20th century, batch after batch of Russian scientists continued to propose the theory and generation mechanism of "inorganic generation of petroleum". Among them, the most influential one was Kudryantsev Kropot Kinsar.  Kisov Porfiliev and Poshkarev, etc.; in the West, there are Robinson Goode, Abragano Satmari, etc.

    Although there are many scholars who hold the view of "inorganic generation of petroleum", the "principle" they put forward can be summarized as follows: petroleum comes from the mantle and is a derivative of the upwelling process of cracks in the earth's crust.

    Any object is a material form that appears in a dynamic balance of forces under the action of specific internal and external forces. Under the conditions of ultra-high pressure and high temperature, the atomic nuclei of the mantle and the materials at the basic inferior level are all in the earth's crust.  Any substance is incomparable and has different properties from the elements in the earth's crust.

    So there are no hydrocarbons that make up crude oil in the earth's crust. But after the earth's crust cracks, the ultra-high pressure state of the mantle is broken and the original stable structure is destroyed, causing it to undergo thermal expansion, continuously releasing internal energy and transforming into magma.

    The magma rising along the cracks continuously dissipates internal energy due to thermal expansion. Under specific pressure and temperature, it regains the balance of internal and external forces, and then evolves more than 100 elements. Petroleum is when the thermal expansion of the earth's mantle occurs, in a specific environment.  A new form of matter formed in

    The magma that first surges up during the formation of oil undergoes a large thermal expansion due to the minimal pressure in the cracks in the earth's crust, forming a large amount of magma gas, which is composed of gas molecules according to certain components, such as acetylene, water, etc.

    The gas continuously precipitated from the magma not only continuously increases the pressure and temperature in the cracks, but also continuously increases the density of the hydrocarbon molecules formed in the cracks. Their cohesion continues to strengthen, causing the hydrocarbon molecules to tend to form complex structures.

    When the concentration of hydrocarbon gas in the cracks and the pressure in the cracks further increase, low-carbon hydrocarbons will polymerize into high-carbon hydrocarbons, and then a phase change will occur, that is, the gaseous hydrocarbons will become liquids  hydrocarbons - petroleum

    In the early stages of oil formation, the particles can move upward with heat. When they aggregate in large numbers above the cracks, they can fuse into larger oil droplets.

    When the dense oil droplets further merge, their weight will be greater than the thrust generated by the thermal expansion of the magma gas, so they fall one after another or flow along the crack wall to the bottom of the crack and overflow the magma

    Since the pressure, temperature and hydrocarbon gas concentration in the cracks reach a very high standard, oil will not be formed. Therefore, the gas precipitated from the oil-submerged magma will encounter very high pressure as soon as it leaves the magma, not only in the atomic  Form a stable structure at the level and quickly combine into hydrocarbons

    So, ?During the process of floating in the oil, part of the slurry gas is converted into oil, and the amount will continue to increase, and gradually an oil reservoir may be formed.

    There are two views on inorganic origin. One is that "oil is formed deep in the earth's crust, and then penetrates into the sandstone of the earth's crust along deep fractures." The other is that "hydrocarbons are products of high temperature conditions, and oil is formed in the early stages of the formation of celestial bodies.  produced"

    The SG-3 well in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, drilled through the Proterozoic and Archean strata, Bavaria, Germany, Asia kt

    Well, the drilling depth reaches 11,000 meters. The deeper part is the soft fluid plastic zone and the deeper liquid magma, with the temperature exceeding 300 degrees Celsius.

    Water and a small amount of natural gas were found in deep faults, but no oil was found, indicating that the first view of origin is incorrect. Under experimental conditions, carbon and hydrogen can be combined to synthesize hydrocarbons

    Asphalt minerals have been found in magma rocks; hydrocarbons have been found in the atmospheres of other planets, proving that the second cause is most likely.

    After scientific research and analysis, scientists have also confirmed that the production of oil is similar to a product of energy fusion inside the earth. It is a physical phenomenon of high-temperature cracking, and not hundreds of millions of dollars as the energy plutocrats said.  before and after the bodies of microorganisms became

    That kind of publicity is more similar to a marketing strategy, except that the advertisement is not placed on TV, but in textbooks (to be continued, you are welcome to vote for monthly recommendations,

    I read with full text online reading, and the update speed is faster.
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