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Volume 2: Under the Warlords Chapter 1,145: New National Education

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    In his speech to executives of the Ministry of Education, Wang Maoru proposed specific educational standards, requiring curriculum requirements and educational theoretical foundations for six types of schools: junior primary schools, senior primary schools, middle schools, undergraduates, technical secondary schools, and junior colleges. Based on the century-old plan of education, only  Only by educating children well can the country have a future and hope.

    Among Wang Maoru's requirements, China's elementary schools are four-year schools, and the age range of enrolled children is from 7 to 10 years old. They only need to study five subjects during school, namely physical education, Chinese studies, etiquette, law, and science.  .  In the small exam, the scores for the five subjects are all equal to 100, and there is no distinction between which one is more important.  Those who graduate from an elementary school must have a score of 60 points in five subjects at the same time before they can graduate and be issued a diploma. Only those who have a diploma from an elementary school are allowed to join the military, politics, business, apprenticeships, or go abroad. Without a diploma from an elementary school, they are only allowed to work in the lowest level jobs.  The salary within the company shall not exceed the salary of an apprentice who graduated from a high school.

    It can be seen that Wang Maoru took great pains to eliminate illiteracy.

    Physical education in elementary schools focuses on teamwork projects. In sports projects such as long-distance running and sprinting, all emphasis is abandoned. Children must learn teamwork from an early age, score points based on team scores, and develop a spirit of unity and cooperation. It is no longer required  Personal performance is good or bad.  No matter how good a person's performance is, it is not as good as the team's performance. No matter how bad a person's performance is, there is always a place that he can achieve in the team.  This requirement also cultivates children's friendship, so that any child must realize that making friends and trusting partners can be successful.

    Elementary school Chinese studies are guided by vivid historical stories and teach Chinese characters to children. In four years of elementary school, they must learn 500 Chinese characters before they can obtain an elementary school diploma.  certainly.  Children all love stories, and every text in this Chinese Studies course is an interesting story from history.  For example, Meng's mother moved three times, her mother-in-law tattooed characters to serve her country loyally, and the three brothers in Taoyuan were mainly sworn in. The teacher told stories, and it was not difficult for the students to recognize three Chinese characters in one class.  Naturally, Chinese studies stories also illustrate Confucian and Legalist ideas and principles such as patriotism, love for family, love for others, and honesty.

    Etiquette courses in elementary schools are also important curriculum standards, including etiquette courses such as the etiquette of elders and children, the etiquette of relatives, the etiquette of raw and cooked food, the etiquette of sacrifices, etc.  And includes etiquette for boys and etiquette for girls.  China has been known as a land of etiquette since ancient times. However, while constantly integrating the cultures of other nations, countries and other regions, it has lost its own culture, especially etiquette culture. As a result, in the eyes of foreigners, the Chinese are  The poorest people in the world, and Japan learns Chinese etiquette.  On the contrary, it is the most civilized, popular and polite nation in the world. It is because of the loss of polite education in China that the country of etiquette has become a country of rudeness.  Although the etiquette courses required by Wang Maoru were opposed by many people studying abroad, they also catered to the recognition and support of the gentry, chaebols and Confucian people in the country.  It is precisely because of this polite education that Wang Maoru is considered China's conservative leader and a stubborn person.

    Legal education in elementary schools educates children from an early age.  What laws the country has? It is not necessary to require children to memorize all the laws, but they are required to be familiar with the laws of the country to avoid becoming legally illiterate after graduation.  Children can even use knowledge from the Torah to write letters to local officials pointing out mistakes.  This article corresponds to the legal thought in Wang Maoru's Confucian-Legalism.  Rule the country according to the law and rule the people according to the law.  Self-discipline in accordance with the law and self-defense in accordance with the law.  In China in another time and space, how many adults are legally illiterate because they have not received education since childhood. When they grow up, they have to run around for life, and they have no time to learn education. I am afraid that the only people who learn legal knowledge are judges and lawyers, and they are prisoners in prisons.  Everything is done in accordance with unspoken rules and not in accordance with the law. The source is that we do not know the law.  (Law illiteracy is everywhere in life. If you are hurt, you will only retaliate with violence. It has almost become a routine to not know how to use the law to protect yourself. It is called useless to worry about trouble, but in fact it is because you don¡¯t understand the law.)

    Science in elementary schools includes mathematics and natural history, addition and subtraction within a thousand, Arabic numeral expression methods, understanding of maps, explanation of natural phenomena, etc., giving children a scientific world. Of course, for children in elementary schools,  , tell them too advanced scientific principles, but they don¡¯t understand them very well. Therefore, science is a very easy subject. At least compared with laws and etiquette, this subject is more popular.  The children also learned more about the outside world because of learning science. They could understand the world map and the map of China. They knew that besides their own towns and cities, there were so many good places, so many people, and so many people in China.  The big world of heaven and earth.

    High schools in the Republic of China adopted the same four-year system as elementary schools. The basic age range of students is 11 to 14 years old. During school, they study six subjects: physical education, Chinese studies, mathematics, history, geography, and art.  Senior primary education is no longer free and compulsory, but the fees are low. Children from ordinary families can still attend if they want to go to school. And for those children from poor families who have worked early to support their families, they are not required to continue.  study.  At the same time, those admitted to high schoolAt this time, children with outstanding achievements will be free of charge during their schooling, and the full quota must account for 10% of the total number of primary school students.

    Physical education in upper primary schools is the same as that in elementary schools. It takes team sports as the main learning goal and does not focus on individual achievements. It cultivates children's teamwork spirit and trust in teammates.

    Chinese studies in upper elementary schools begin to come into contact with Chinese poems, Tang poems, Song lyrics, Yuan music, Ming and Qing novels, and they can learn to use vernacular interpretation to understand the meaning of ancient literature. When interpreting ancient works, no Chinese studies teachers are allowed to give students their own answers, and they are not allowed to restrict upper elementary students.  their thoughts and perceptions.  At the same time, students are required to know more than 2,000 Chinese characters, be able to write short articles in vernacular, and express their own ideas accurately.

    Mathematics in upper elementary schools is a branch of science in elementary schools. During this period, students begin to learn multiplication and division, and add word problems, abacus, and mental arithmetic.

    History and geography in upper primary schools are also branches of elementary school science. History is mainly Chinese history and world history is supplemented. Geography is mainly Chinese geography and world geography is supplemented. Generally speaking, it allows students to increase their knowledge and insights.

    The arts in upper primary schools require students to perform one of thousands of skills such as piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, etc., such as piano, erhu, violin, flute, shengxiao, etc., and even singing, acrobatics, ventriloquism, etc.  It's kind of an art form.  This subject is naturally opposed by many old academics. For old academics, reading is the only way to be inferior to others. Learning any art is equivalent to learning a shabby craft.  Students read books from sages, but why should they learn from actors?  Is it because they are afraid that if the students fail to study, they will not be able to perform on the streets in the future?  Wang Maoru couldn't explain this. If the old scholars objected, they would object at home. Students who are good at nothing except studying will definitely not be able to graduate. The old scholars can only protest twice.

    Middle schools in the Republic of China adopted a four-year system, with the admission age ranging from 15 to 18 years old. The teaching subjects were physical education, Chinese studies, mathematics, geometry, style (physics and chemistry), ancient literature, and art. Once again, the seven subjects were divided into  The total score is 700 points, and the diploma will be based on 350 points.  Regardless of other subjects, the physical education subject focuses on individual abilities and no longer examines team sports events, focusing on the development of individual abilities.

    The four-year undergraduate university system in the Republic of China starts from the age of 19. The subjects are no longer divided by the Ministry of Education, but are set by each university. The Ministry of Education stipulates that the required subjects for each university are law, etiquette, military skills, physical education, and art.  In addition to the national undergraduate universities in the Republic of China, Wang Maoru suggested that each province should establish provincial-level national undergraduate universities to train talents in each province.  Henan University, established by Xu Shichang in Henan, is a special provincial university because it is a private university and is managed and supervised by the Ministry of Education but not managed.  The provincial universities proposed by Wang Maoru are universities under the management and supervision of the Ministry of Education. Each province has two universities, one is a normal university and the other is a science university, to cultivate national science talents. Wang Maoru, who was born in science, has always believed that a  If there are too many liberal arts students in the country, something will happen.

    In the Republic of China, junior colleges were divided into technical secondary schools and junior colleges, which mainly focused on cultivating professional talents. The Ministry of Education did not arrange subject standard requirements, but it also required compulsory subjects, such as Chinese studies, mathematics, and style in technical secondary schools, and law, etiquette, and art in junior colleges.  The remaining subjects and times are arranged by each junior college.  And because a large number of bankrupt Germans and Belarusians immigrated to China, these people entered technical secondary schools and began to teach Chinese students professional skills, making China's technical secondary school level catch up with the world's level, and will train several people for major factories every year.  Thousands of professional talents.

    Wang Maoru attaches great importance to vocational schools and vocational talents. China does not lack theorists, revolutionaries, and people who criticize, but it lacks professionals and talents in various professional fields.  Therefore, Wang Maoru requested from the Ministry of Education that in the future, investment in education funds should be 40% for primary schools, 25% for primary schools, and 100% for middle schools.  Ten times, universities account for 5% of education funds, technical secondary schools account for 15% of education funds, and junior colleges account for 5% of education funds.

    The basic requirements for China's education are to focus on literacy, which means that China will be able to take off the hat of an illiterate country in the shortest possible time. Post-literacy education will take specialized talents and elite talents as the two pillars of education, and elite talents will serve as the core of the entire society.  Of course, pillars are indispensable, but professionals who can do things are even more indispensable.
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