With the "Wilhelmshaven Incident" as the limit, the story of the soldiers ended. At the end of 1917, politicians and diplomats who were accustomed to hiding behind the scenes, and the famous Spanish Flu finally got a chance to make their debut.
The Spanish flu first broke out in the United States. After consuming a considerable portion of the war dividends in the United States, it then ravaged the United Kingdom and France, and broke through the borders of Germany and Italy before the two countries could rejoice.
The Spanish were probably the last major country in Western Europe to be exposed to the flu, even later than the remote Soviet Russia. However, the Spanish were the hardest hit by the flu, and the Spanish flu got its name.
After World War I and the Spanish Flu War, another battlefield opened up in Europe at the Port of Amsterdam.
The Netherlands has never been a small country with no sense of existence, and Amsterdam is not an obscure place. However, in the history of the Netherlands and the city of Amsterdam, they have never attracted such attention from the world as they did in the cold winter of 1917 and the early spring of 1918.
In just five months, countries such as Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and Italy, which did not completely win, countries such as the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and Japan that did not completely fail, as well as Greece, China, and South America The top three ABC neutral countries gathered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and participated in this war without gunpowder with a fearless attitude.
The Amsterdam Peace Conference was full of keywords such as political deception, collusion, and political blackmail from the beginning. It took politicians and diplomats more than four months to barely sort out the peace conference. While the civil servants were wrangling, the soldiers were engaged in a bloody war. The reshaping of this world is emerging one by one.
The British Empire, which continued to send more troops to the island of Ireland, barely retained the title of the "British Isles" of the United Kingdom, but after all, the Irish Rebellion really existed. Since then, the British have never been able to establish effective rule over the island of Ireland. And lost her completely at the beginning of another war twenty years later.
The newly restored Poland is also expanding its borders eastward. Because of its special geographical location, Poland has become the darling of the democratic world and is favored by thousands of people, despite its military, political and economic alliance with Germany. Poland certainly lives up to expectations. While the Soviet Russians were busy fighting the civil war, they acted as the vanguard of communism as if they were having fun.
The end was the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Seeing that the empire would receive huge war dividends to make up for its shortfall, the sluggish Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Habsburgs who ruled it still could not survive and collapsed in February 1918.
The huge Austro-Hungarian Empire was split into four departments, including Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Germany immediately recruited Austria and Czechoslovakia into the German-Polish Alliance, further strengthening the Berlin Treaty Organization (referred to as the Berlin Treaty).
March 1918. As the German economy took the lead in emerging from the shadow of the war, its industrial strength recovered rapidly, and the industrial output of the newly born Republic of Poland was also booming. However, the economies of Britain and France continued to decline, so the process of the Amsterdam peace talks suddenly accelerated.
Politicians divided the participating countries into four levels, starting with Germany, the United Kingdom, France in the first level, and Austria, which received the political legacy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The second level of Italy, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Ottoman Turkey, these countries will determine the direction of the Amsterdam Peace Conference to a large extent.
The countries in the third level only have the right to make suggestions, including neutral countries and quasi-participants such as Greece, China, and South America's three major powers. Japan, which is quite powerful, was unexpectedly placed in this level. The last level is the small Balkan countries that are at the mercy of others, and the puppet regimes such as Belgium and Luxembourg supported by Germany.
After numerous quarrels and violence, in April 1918. Peace was concluded.
The first principle of the "Amsterdam Peace Treaty" is that all participating countries have no relationship between victory or defeat, but in the specific implementation. The great powers have naturally forgotten this.
According to the Treaty of Amsterdam, Germany received quite generous war dividends.
Germany effortlessly took back the Jiaozhou Bay and Pacific affiliated colonies occupied by the Japanese, and legally consolidated new territories including New Prussia and the Shetland Islands, and gained a strategically important piece of land in North Africa. Colony - Morocco.
In addition, Germany also obtained Vietnam in French Indochina from the French. Before the joyful Germans could warm up Vietnam, the enclave was divided into two by Albert and Heidi Wang. The relatively rich South Vietnam was passed to the Danes in exchange for Iceland.
At this point, the Royal Navy's natural geographical advantages over Germany were all lost.
It is not that the British have not thought of countermeasures for the loss of geographical advantages, but their international designThe attempt to reach the Islands failed. In desperation, the British could only exchange Oman in the Persian Gulf for some islands affiliated with the Orkney Islands in the hands of the Germans.
The concessions of France and Britain were not without rewards. At least Germany withdrew its troops from the occupied northern France - these areas would become the northern demilitarized zone, and France and Germany would only send a small number of military inspectors to this area; the strategic value became increasingly prominent. The Orkney Islands were also returned intact, and the Ocean Fleet also promised not to mobilize troops to support the Irish riots.
But Germany may not be the biggest winner in the Amsterdam peace talks.
The restored Poland not only became the fourth most powerful country in Europe, but also took advantage of the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to gain the status of the second largest country in the Peace Treaty Organization.
By the same token, France and the United Kingdom seem to have sold out a lot of interests, but they may not be the real losers.
The French seem to have ceded a lot of land, but those are just colonies. As a capital-exporting imperialist country, the French will have a chance to make a comeback as long as they preserve their homeland and financiers.
The British also lost many strategically important places, but as long as the Suez Canal, Gibraltar, Singapore and South Africa are still there, Hong Kong has not sunk, and India is intact, the British have not lost their pants.
"The only countries in the third and fourth tiers that really suffered a complete defeat at the Amsterdam Peace Conference were the third and fourth tier countries. The undefeated first- and second-tier powers are in urgent need of passing on their losses. When these powers unite to bully others, even the so-called Third World combined cannot resist.
Japan's war dividends were greatly offset, Jiaozhou Bay and the German Pacific Colony were returned, the twenty-one items were cancelled, and even Japan's inherent territory - Northeast China was mentioned again by Wang Heidi's old saying The "open door" break.
The Balkan Peninsula is also the hardest-hit area. Austria, Hungary, Italy, and the Ottomans have carved up this strategically important area. In addition, Belgium and Luxembourg have also been officially annexed to Germany.
In April 1918, German Foreign Minister K¨¹hlmann returned to Berlin excitedly with the Treaty of Amsterdam. Heidi Wang and Tirpitz, who were playing chess in the hospital ward, looked at the headline "Amsterdam" on the front page of the newspaper. "Peace Treaty", they all snorted in unison.