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Text Chapter 698 Developing the Tobacco Industry

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    When Qin Yi brought more than 30 crops from the Americas back to the Han Dynasty, Lu Bu knew that more difficult things were yet to come. How to cultivate these crops well so that they could successfully take root, sprout, bloom and bear fruit in a new environment was actually very difficult.  The difficult thing, Lu Bu vaguely remembered, was that several of these crops had gone through many improvements before becoming what they were in later generations.

    In addition to letting Jizhou Diannong Zhonglang Ren Jun be responsible for the cultivation of some crops, Lu Bu also asked the now famous agriculturists Shi Tao and Chang Lin to join in and be responsible for the cultivation of all crops, including corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, pumpkins, peanuts, etc.  Sunflowers, peppers, tomatoes, pineapples, jicama, cassava, kidney beans, lima beans, apples, custard apples, guavas, avocados, cashews, cocoa, American ginseng, papaya, and upland cotton were all handed over to Shi Tao and Chang.  Lin and Ren Jun took charge and began to select locations for cultivation in Jizhou, Shuozhou and Qingzhou.

    The focus of these crops is on the three high-yield crops of corn, sweet potato, and potato, followed by peppers, peanuts, tomatoes, pumpkins, and sunflowers. It does not matter whether the other cultivation is successful or not.

    Although corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes have high yields, each of these three crops has its own shortcomings. Corn is not very drought-resistant, and the yield when grown in fertile fields is not as good as rice. Sweet potatoes and potatoes consume soil fertility and are not as good as soybeans in consolidating fertilizer.  , so they cannot usurp the staple food status of rice and wheat, nor can they compete with soybeans.

    The planting of corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes has a painful lesson. During the Qing Dynasty, these high-yielding crops were widely planted in the mountainous areas of Yunnan and Guizhou, although the population growth rate in Yunnan and Guizhou was much higher than that in the Central Plains.  However, the vegetation in the semi-mountainous and mountainous areas of Yunnan and Guizhou has gradually decreased with the promotion of corn and potatoes. After the ground cover has been converted into crops, the adhesion and cohesion of the surface soil have been greatly reduced. Severe soil erosion has occurred, rivers have been silted, acres of land have been abandoned, and natural disasters have occurred frequently.  , agricultural production has been greatly affected, and the lessons learned are worth learning from.

    Therefore, Lu Bu strictly demanded that although most of these three crops should be grown in mountainous areas.  However, we must also pay attention to the vegetation in mountainous areas. We cannot cut down large amounts of mountain forests to make fields. Basically, we must divide a piece of land into three parts grassland, three parts woodland, and four parts fields. Strictly control the forest coverage rate in mountainous areas to be above 50%. This  This is a major event that concerns future generations and should not be taken lightly.

    Shi Tao, Ren Jun, and Chang Lin worked hard to cultivate high-yield, high-quality, and moderate growth varieties of corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes. At the same time, they also developed intercropping technology for corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes.

    These three people also developed a set of farming experience to improve corn, potatoes and sweet potatoes.

    Before sowing potatoes, the soil must be prepared carefully, evenly, and loosely.  Create deep, loose soil conditions and then use processed farmyard manure as a base fertilizer.  Spread and spread evenly into the soil in a timely manner.

    Corn is transplanted using soft disk seedlings. The seedlings are sown at the end of March and transplanted in mid-April. The field cultivation tubes of corn need to be fertilized. The first is to apply fertilizer to strengthen the stalk early, the second is to apply ear fertilizer heavily, the third is to supplement the grain fertilizer, and the fourth is to  Pest Control.

    Sweet potato seedlings are raised in early April and transplanted from the end of May to mid-June.  When cultivating sweet potato tubes in the field, the first step is to check the seedlings and replenish the stems. The seedlings should be checked five days after planting. If any missing seedlings are found, they should be replanted in time. After replenishing, water and provide shade to promote early survival. After the stems are alive, topdress with eccentric fertilizer.  Promote the rapid growth of seedlings and balanced growth; the second is to cultivate the soil and carry out the first cultivating ten days after planting to remove weeds.  Dredge soil ditches and end cultivating before sealing the ridges. The depth of cultivating should be determined as appropriate. The principle is that it should be deep in the early stage and shallow in the later stage. Every cultivating should be combined with soil cultivation, especially for potato ridges washed by rain, the soil should be re-blocked.  In order to facilitate the expansion of the root system and prevent the potato from being exposed, fertilization can be carried out rationally.

    Under the leadership of these agriculturists, construction corps in various regions have successively achieved high yields by planting these crops, and then successfully promoted them to all farmers.

    From then on, the Han Dynasty no longer had the problem of food shortage. Lu Bu's soldiers had enough food and could calmly fight in the north and south.

    Because rubber trees have to be planted in tropical areas, Lu Bu had to send people to give the rubber trees to Jiaozhou Mu Tuxie and ask him to cultivate rubber trees on Hainan Island.

    In order to stimulate Tu Xie's enthusiasm for planting rubber trees, Lu Bu signed an agreement with him. After cultivating a rubber tree, Tu Xie would be rewarded with one hundred coins. Lu Bu planned to plant 100,000 trees in the early stage. Although rubber trees are useful, they need to be planted for six to eight years.  The glue liquid can be harvested. A few years later, Lu Bu found that 100,000 rubber trees were not enough, so he continued to cultivate another 100,000 acres of rubber forest.

    In fact, to really develop modern industry, 100,000 acres of natural rubber is simply not enough, because in later generations China¡¯s natural rubber planting area has reached 661,000 hectares, equivalent to 9.915 million acres, but it is not enough.

    Qin Yi also brought back tobacco, a gadget that combines devil and angel.

    He found that the locals smoked tobacco in many Indian tribes. The Indians dried the tobacco in the sun and then used it in their homes.Hanging around their necks is a small bag made of calfskin, a hollow stone or wood, which looks like a pipe; when they are happy, they crush the tobacco into powder and place it at one end of the pipe, and light the fire.  At the other end, they breathe deeply through their mouths, completely filling their bodies with smoke until it comes out of their mouths and nostrils like smoke from a chimney.

    Qin Yi asked them why they smoked this stuff. The locals said that doing so could keep them warm and healthy. The local priests also believed that tobacco was a plant with special healing properties. They would apply fresh tobacco leaves on wounds and inhale the tobacco.  Headaches or other ailments will be fine.

    Qin Yi tried tobacco. At first, the smell of tobacco was like pepper from the Western Regions, which Qin Yi was not used to.

    When Qin Yi got used to it, he fell in love with the refreshing feeling of tobacco. During the days when they were waiting for the crops to mature in the Mayan continent, they rolled tobacco and smoked it when they were bored. Over time, the remaining more than a thousand people became smokers.

    When Qin Yi came back this time, he brought a large amount of tobacco and encouraged Lu Bu to plant it in large quantities.

    Lu Bu felt a headache. He didn't like smoking very much. He didn't care whether he loved tobacco or not. But he knew that tobacco was an angel on one side and a devil on the other. This put him in a dilemma as a leader.

    on the one hand.  Tobacco contains nicotine and tar that are harmful to the human body. Smoking is definitely harmful to health and has many harmful effects on humans. It may lead to serious diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease, and reproductive development. Basically, everyone gets it.  People with lung cancer all smoke.

    On the other hand, tobacco is an important source of national finance and a high-tax-profit commodity. In the 21st century, China has 300 million smokers, each of whom can consume 2,000 cigarettes per year.  In 2010, the national tobacco industry achieved tax profits of more than 600 billion yuan, accounting for 10% of the national fiscal revenue.  In addition, tobacco is a high-yield crop. Most of the tobacco areas are in economically backward and poor areas. There are 2 million farmers and about 100 million people rely on tobacco planting to maintain their lives. One acre of tobacco can be harvested in cash of 1,000 to 2,000 yuan that year, which is 3% of that of food crops.  ~5 times, which is an effective way for farmers in mountainous areas to get rid of poverty and become rich and improve their living standards.

    Lu Bu hesitated and asked Guo Jia how to decide: "A thing is obviously harmful to people, but it can be used to benefit the general public. Should this thing be allowed to come out?"

    Guo Jia smiled and said: "My lord, you are just asking this question now?! It has been more than four years since the Immortal Pill and the Forgetful Pill came out! But fortunately, it is expensive and ordinary people cannot afford it, so it has been spread among the children of aristocratic families and  The foreign nobles did not cause any harm to the ordinary Han people, but collected billions of money from these two little things every year, and the lord used half of it to improve people's livelihood and benefit the general public, there is no great kindness!"

    Guo Jia's words reminded Lu Bu, since he can even produce five stone powder and opium for later generations.  Tobacco is not worth mentioning, not to mention that tobacco can only induce certain diseases, but will not directly cause certain diseases. Have you ever seen that a great man smoked all year round, but he could live to be over eighty years old, and a little great man was even addicted to smoking.  life, but lived to be over ninety years old.  Some people die young without smoking or drinking. The impact of tobacco on human health is not so absolute.

    In addition, tobacco has many potential uses in developing food and pharmaceutical resources.

    Tobacco leaves are rich in protein, and flue-cured tobacco leaves are about 10%.  Sun-cured tobacco and burley tobacco can be as high as 20%. Tobacco has strong regeneration ability and can be harvested multiple times a year. The yield of tobacco leaves is high. Using fresh tobacco leaves to extract protein, the yield per mu can exceed that of soybeans. Other crops are even more incomparable. The yield of tobacco leaves is  Egg whites can be used to make a variety of foods and have a wide range of uses, and the remaining tobacco leaves can still be used as raw materials for cigarettes.

    Nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves can be made into medicine to prevent and treat people's diseases, and pesticides can be made into pesticides to prevent and treat crop pests. The prospects are also promising.

    Tobacco is a well-known model crop. It can be used as a bioreactor to introduce anti-cancer, anti-AIDS, and genes beneficial to people's health from other crops into tobacco, so that they can be fully expressed, and then extracted using biotechnology, which can be processed into products that can cure diseases and strengthen the body.  As a "miracle medicine", American scientists have successfully cultivated antibodies against tobacco in later generations, and extracted anti-cancer and anti-viral interferins from them, which have good therapeutic effects on lung cancer. Swedish scientists have injected human genes into tobacco plants and extracted them from harvested tobacco leaves.  Proposed blood protein activator to treat heart disease.

    In addition, tobacco does have the effect of reducing swelling, detoxifying, and killing insects. Use fresh grass crushed and applied externally, or rub smoke oil on the affected area to treat boils, tinea capitis, tinea capitis, bald sores, and snake bites.  In addition, 5% tobacco extract can be sprayed or smoked, which can be used to kill snails, mosquitoes, flies and mice.

    Lu Bu weighed the pros and cons and decided to develop the tobacco industry. At worst, he would set the price of tobacco higher so that ordinary people would not be able to smoke it. This would also prevent tobacco from poisoning ordinary people.

    In addition, Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo can be asked to develop some medicated cigarettes, mixing traditional Chinese medicine with tobacco.?Made into cigarettes to reduce the content of harmful substances in tobacco.  This is not what Lu Bu is saying. In the 21st century, the medicated cigarette breeding research team of Shanxi Agricultural University successfully cultivated 9 kinds of medicated cigarettes with Chinese herbal ingredients such as ginseng, astragalus, honeysuckle, and mint. These cigarettes can reduce harmful substances in cigarettes.  It has a certain curative effect on certain diseases in the human body and is a promising new tobacco variety.

    The type of tobacco developed by Lu Bu is naturally flue-cured tobacco. Because this kind of tobacco leaves are heated and baked with a fire tube in the curing room, it is named after it. After the tobacco leaves are baked, the leaves become golden in color, bright in luster, and mellow in flavor.  Later, countries around the world produced the main raw material for cigarettes. In later generations, China's flue-cured tobacco production accounted for more than 80% of the total tobacco production.

    Because this is a cash crop, it cannot compete with food crops of strategic value for land. Therefore, when Lu Bu was developing the tobacco industry, he issued a special order not to allow tobacco to occupy good land.

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