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Text Chapter 859 Private Ownership of Land

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    When Lu Bu received this letter, he couldn't help but think of the farming issues of other crops, especially rice, wheat and other food crops. He deeply felt that the problems encountered by Gu Yong were also common in farming in other places, including civilian villages and military villages.  Neither the people nor the soldiers are as industrious as the farmers, and they are even worse than the tenants.

    Lu Bu sought the opinions of Han Hao, the governor of the Ministry of Munitions, Shi Tao, the minister of agriculture and animal husbandry, and Zhang Zhao, the minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.

    Zhang Zhao said bluntly: "Everything is because the land belongs to the public and does not belong to them. They think that if they work hard and plant, half of them will become officials. Maybe when they reclaim the wasteland and poor land into good farmland, the officers and soldiers will  They will come and declare that this fertile land belongs to the government and army, and take away their fertile land."

    Hearing this, Lu Bu said angrily: "I never had such a plan, why do these people think so?"

    Shi Tao on the side explained the confusion: "Before the emperor unified China, warlords in other places also organized civilian villages. But once the villagers reclaimed the wasteland and barren land into fertile farmland, the warlords would borrow the land that belonged to the government.  With the name taken back, the villagers took the opportunity to occupy the farmland, and then distributed it to corrupt officials as land rent. With the evil example of local warlords who defended the interests of the bureaucracy, the villagers did not dare to have too many illusions about the court, thinking that the farmland was not  My own, and because this sugar cane field does not have the incentive mechanism of golden rewards, good planting and bad planting are the same, so I become passive and lazy.

    Han Hao also talked about the situation of military camps: "The thinking of the soldiers who participated in military camps is that they are soldiers and will be transferred out at some point. The fertile fields they have worked hard to cultivate belong to others, so why do they make wedding clothes for others?  , so they became lazy."

    After listening to what Shi Tao and Han Hao said.  Lu Bu didn't quite believe it, so he called in a few villagers and soldiers and asked them to speak frankly about their feelings in the fields. This was because Lu Bu's court had always had a free speech reward system in which "those who speak are not guilty and those who are insightful are rewarded."  Coupled with Lu Bu's frankness, they all told their true feelings, which was similar to what Shi Tao and Han Hao said.

    Lu Bu couldn't help but think of the difference between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in later generations. In state-owned enterprises, there was a serious phenomenon of overstaffing, relationship first, and good and bad work. Workers spent their working hours playing cards, gambling, and sleeping.  There is no efficiency at all. The top management is mostly corrupt. If it were not for the support of national policies, it would go bankrupt.

    Lu Bu was saddened to discover that all those countries owned.  What should benefit all citizens or all employees of certain national collectives are usually occupied by a small group of people who contribute the least. Most citizens only get some scraps, such as land resources, which are completely owned by certain local bureaucrats and  Developers occupy it, and citizens suffer harm instead of benefiting from it.

    German philosophy master Immanuel Kant once pointed out: "Property ownership is the right of personal freedom not to be restricted by force, and it is the first essential point of the constitution to protect human rights." Land is the basic financial right given to every legal citizen by God.  Knowing that land nationalization would only enrich corrupt officials, plunder the people's wealth, and turn all people into a new generation of slaves, Lu Bu resolutely pursued land privatization.

    In view of the lessons of later generations and the various real situations, Lu Bu solicited the opinions of all the people and formulated a land law.  The basis of the law is that land ownership and use rights belong to private individuals.

    "After removing those evil aristocratic families and corrupt officials, their land was distributed to the original tenants, other refugees, and immigrants, as well as the wasteland reclaimed by these people themselves. All property rights and use rights belong to them.

    The general public.  In the first year after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was no tax payment, and from the second year onwards, only 20% of the grain was required.  Regular army soldiers only have to pay 10% of their food supplies.

    In addition to paying back the rent of seeds and farming tools, the villagers will pay 40% in the first year, 30% in the second year, and 20% in the third year. From now on, they will pay taxes like other people.

    If the people open up wasteland on their own, the wasteland belongs to the people, and they only have to hand over 20% of the harvest from the first year. This is to encourage the people to open up wasteland.

    After harvesting 20% ??of the grain, there is no need to pay other taxes, and certain tax exemptions will be given in years of famine. The land tax in the Chinese Empire is not heavy because there are no other exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes.

    When the official army opened up a new territory, the fields that immigrants used to farm also belonged to the people's villages, and the fields allocated to the immigrants also belonged to the immigrants. Because the immigrants came from their hometowns, in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of the immigrants, they were exempted from taxes for the first three years, and later only used  Pay 20%.

    The land for commercial crops such as sugar cane gardens is also owned by the villagers. They only need to hand over 30% of the land, and the rest is sold to the sugar farms set up by the government and the army at market prices. The government and the army have set up multiple sugar farms, and they are responsible for their own profits and losses.  , farmers in sugarcane gardens can choose to sell sugarcane to the sugar field with the highest price, and sugar fields are strictly prohibited from uniformly lowering prices to harm sugarcane farmers.

    Someone?? said: ¡°What should we do if there is a trickster who only pays the rent or conceals part of the harvest?¡±

    Lu Bu said: "Farmers must pile up all harvests according to species. Each crop, regardless of good or bad, is mixed together, and then the rent is collected according to the share. If a farmer conceals the harvest or cheats when paying rent, all the fields of the family will be confiscated immediately.  And all of them will be imprisoned for ten years of hard labor. Anyone who reports concealment will receive half of the family property of the cunning farmer. If a local bureaucrat frames the people during rent collection, they will be stripped of their official positions, their property will be confiscated, and they will be punished with ten years of hard labor."

    Someone asked: "What should we do if a landlord purchases land from farmers and annexes the land?"

    This was something Lu Bu tried his best to prevent, so he said categorically: "If ordinary people are unwilling to continue farming, and if the villagers are unwilling to continue farming, they can only sell their fields to local governments and farming departments at a low price, and cannot resell them directly to private individuals.  If there is a private sale, both the buyer and the seller will have their property confiscated.¡±

    Local county soldiers belong to the local militia. They are civilian villages, but their farmland is closer to the cities of the prefectures, counties and towns to be defended. They enjoy the same harvest standards as civilian villages.  However, at the same time, there are preferential treatment for their relatives. If the families of soldiers who are selected as soldiers in local counties and counties are from civilian villages or farmers, they can pay half a percent less.  The reason for this consideration is firstly to encourage militiamen to be selected into local elite armed forces, and secondly because each family has ten acres of land per family. If a family has six people, including prime-age women, there will only be two or three laborers. If one soldier is recruited,  Go to defend the place.  Then this prime-age laborer can only cultivate the ten acres of land in the military camp or train, and the family will lose a major laborer. If the land rent is not reduced, the burden on the military families will increase.

    The fields in the main military camps are all wasteland or fields in newly opened territories that do not compete with the people. Most of the military camps are only three years or less. In order to stimulate their enthusiasm, it is stipulated that the land ownership belongs to the soldiers.  At that time, they can be transferred to relatives who immigrated here or sold to local officials at a reasonable price.  If a soldier is unwilling to move with the army and wants to retire, he will be transferred to a civilian camp.  The original rent of 40% of the military settlement was changed to 20% public and 80% private.

    Lu Bu understands the psychology of the Chinese people. Everyone feels that there are always traps in the bargains given for free, and the people will stay away from them. Only good things that are paid but not excessive can arouse everyone's interest.  In order to make the people feel more psychologically at ease, the land was announced to be privately owned.  Lu Bu did not provide the land for free. When providing the land to the people, the villagers and the soldiers, he would charge low-end land prices. Since most of the villagers and soldiers were impoverished, they could pay in installments, and a low price was also added.  Interest.

    They can apply for low-interest loans from the central bank based on their personal credit, and the loan amount is very small.  It is just enough to pay the down payment, and then the villagers and soldiers can choose to pay off the cost of purchasing the land in one, five, or ten years. The interest calculation is equivalent to the interest on housing in future generations.  The price of grain was high under Lu Bu's rule, and both the villagers and the soldiers could repay the installments by selling part of their grain for money.

    In order to prevent indiscriminate land reclamation from destroying the environment.  The government and military government also levied half-price land price on land cleared for wasteland. Farmers had to apply to village communes or town officials before clearing wasteland. Any land that would affect strategy or the environment was not allowed to be reclaimed.

    In order to severely crack down on land annexation, Lu Bu stipulated.  No one is allowed to sell land directly to private individuals, but can only sell land to local governments.  Then the local government sells it to the farmers or villagers who are really short of land.

    When the government sells land, it should be publicly announced and supervised by the local council, but auctions should not be used, and only the public should be allowed to verify whether the farmers who buy the land are really short of land.

    If farmers are short of money when buying land, they can go to the Central Bank, use their existing fields as collateral, apply for low-interest loans, and purchase an appropriate number of acres of land. The upper limit is ten acres per household.  An additional semi-permanent land rent will be charged for the number of acres.

    Except for the annihilation of some reactionary wealthy families, Lu Bu basically did not touch the landlord class, especially those small and medium-sized landlord families who cultivated and educated family heirlooms. This was the class that Lu Bu wanted to unite with the united front.

    For these landlord families, the land rent collected by the government is 10%.  Although the land rent seems to be very low, in fact the landowners dare not charge too high land rent to their tenants, at most 30% of the land rent. Otherwise, the tenant farmers would rather leave their hometowns and go to newly opened territories such as Beidahuang, Koryo Peninsula, and Taiwan Island.

    Because of the abolition of slavery announced by Lu Bu, tenants at this time were not simply slaves of the landlords like in other dynasties. Tenants and servants in the Chinese Empire were free persons and had an employment relationship. They could terminate the lease contract at any time, and the landlord could not stop them.

    Landlords dare not charge more than 40% of the land rent, and sometimes even 30% of the land rent, because many tenants would rather open up wasteland or leave their hometowns to go to the islands outside to get their own fields. In this way, a lot of the landlord's land is forced to be abandoned.  , and local officials see landlords abandoning their fields because of youIt is a waste of land resources, and a special abandonment tax is levied. If you don¡¯t pay the rent of 10% of the land, you still have to pay it, forcing all landlords to reduce the rent to 30%. Most landowners feel that farming is useless under the existing land rent system.  Although there are huge profits to be made, they all gave up their intention to merge.

    Lu Bu also did not want to force the landlords too much, and formulated several policies that were beneficial to the landlord class. First of all, all landlord families whose children and relatives served in the army and held military positions above the battalion level or local officials above the county level were exempted from half of the land rent.  If it is or above the state capital level, the land tax will be reduced by 10%. This move is intended to encourage those landlord families who farm and study to serve the army, but he will not move out. Zhu Yuanzhang¡¯s stupid gentry will be exempted from the grain tax, but will be reduced.  And annexation is not allowed; landowner families are given the right to develop some minerals (excluding precious metals and iron, salt, petroleum and coal), wholesale rights for most commodities, and maritime trade quotas. Of course, these must be auctioned, and the highest bidder wins.  ; An imperial examination is held every other year to recruit all talented people into the local and military management systems. Although the scope of the examination questions has to be finalized by Lu Bu, Confucian knowledge of the Four Books and Five Classics only accounts for a small part, and more of it tests professional knowledge.  , but young and middle-aged people from landlord families still have advantages over those from owner-peasant and tenant farmers' families.

    Lu Bu believes that as long as you give them official positions for those who are knowledgeable, and give them land for those who are ignorant, they will basically be able to accept the changes and the world will be peaceful.

    The private ownership of land is Lu Bu's determination that he would rather hide wealth among the people than end up like the Zhu Ming court, where the interests that should belong to all the people are completely lost to those beast-level royal family members, big bureaucrats, big landowners and big businessmen.  If it is divided up, the court will not be able to collect even a single cent of the tax.
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