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The Storm in the Late Ming Dynasty Volume 12 Chapter 686: The new dynasty has its own new atmosphere (2)

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    When the first joint political meeting of the new dynasty was held, the crowd in the dock square did not disperse.  People gathered here, not only waiting to see the fireworks at night, but also waiting to know for the first time what national policies the new dynasty would adopt.

    The new dynasty has its own new atmosphere. As early as a few days ago, newspapers and commentators in the market said that in order to ensure the smooth flow of government orders, the new dynasty will set up public notices in front of every government office, and all government affairs, big and small  , will be posted on the public notice board.  When Yu Guozhen personally wrote an article in the newspaper, he said that the so-called publicity means being open and honest, that is, telling others about everything. This must be the case for public affairs and public people.

    As the place where the throne was enthroned, Jinling City has designated a total of 18 places as public notice places and erected more than a hundred public notice boards. As long as there is a decision made at the Joint Government Affairs Meeting, someone will immediately copy it.

    Perhaps because they both disliked the nouveau riche from Xinxiang, Zuo Xing and Teng Yu crowded in front of the same public sign.  They didn't wait long when they saw a man wearing a uniform similar to that of the Ming Dynasty but slightly different, escorted by several Chinese soldiers, lining up the crowd and hurried over, and then posted a piece of paper on the public notice board.  .

    Zuo Xing was illiterate, but Teng Yu knew how to read. He leaned over and read: "The first order of the Emperor of China is that the superiors and inferiors of the Chinese nation are distinguished only by ability and contribution to the country, not by official positions."  The difference, therefore, is that if you are not offering sacrifices to the family elders, the ritual of kneeling and worshiping is invalid My mother, does this mean that a small businessman like me will no longer have to kneel and worship when I see an official?"

    "I'm talking about Brother Teng. Don't you read it wrong? When did the common people not have to kneel down when they saw an official? It probably means that scholars don't have to kneel down, right?"

    "No, it means all the common people. It is clearly stated above that no matter whether they are soldiers, peasants, industrialists or merchants, they do not have to kneel before officials. If there are officials or powerful men who force others to kneel down, they will be punished for the crime of wounding This, this"

    "What's strange about this? Brother Teng, aren't you from Yanjing? Yanjing has been under the rule of my family commander for four or five years. When you were in Yanjing, how many times did you see officials who wanted to pay homage to the Military Commission?"

    The two of them were talking.  There was another voice coming from behind, so I looked back.  It was that person from Xinxiang just now.  The two looked at each other.  Can't help but smile bitterly.

    It seems that we can¡¯t get rid of these Xinxiang people.

    There was a restaurant not far away from them. They relied on their status and would not crowd into the crowd below. Naturally, someone copied the proclamation and came to read it.  Everyone looked at each other in shock when they heard that the first one was to abolish the kneeling ceremony.

    "Well done, there is gold under the man's knees. Fame can only be obtained by writing and sword." Xia Wanchun was the youngest among the people, so he spoke first: "This ceremony of kneeling is not only complicated, but also if it is not sincere, it will be a slap in the face."  So what if you smash it like garlic?"

    After he finished speaking, he turned to someone in the seat: "Mr. Gu, do you think so?"

    Mr. Gu is Gu Yanwu. He stroked his beard and nodded: "Not only that, this first order of Duke Yu, just like the previous ones, is a declaration of war against the most stubborn and unhuman forces."

    Everyone did not react at first, but after Gu Yanwu¡¯s reminder, they immediately understood: It is indeed true. This is a break from the old tradition and system, indicating that the new dynasty established by Yu Guozhen will be completely different from the previous one.  Especially for ordinary people in the countryside, they may not understand national affairs or anything like that, but if they know that they can no longer kneel to officials, they will realize that today's court is completely different from the past!

    An order like this is better than countless words!

    In the large conference room, Qian Qianyi also figured this out and couldn't help but sigh.  He had previously thought that Yu Guozhen's separation from the old literati was a temporary move, but from this order, he saw Yu Guozhen's determination, and he couldn't help but become pessimistic about the outcome of himself and others.

    "I have personally drawn up a framework for the form of the future political power. I have previously issued it to solicit your opinions and suggestions. Now, after the meeting, I have revised it according to everyone's ideas and now it is announced to everyone. Here, there is one thing  Let me explain in advance that future strategies that are related to the country¡¯s long-term plans, such as changes in the form of political power, cannot be decided by one person with a single word. They should all be put to public discussion and then decided by public vote, just like this time.¡±

    Yu Guozhen proposed a public discussion, which did not surprise everyone, but he also raised the idea of ??a "referendum", which surprised everyone.  I have never heard of Qian Gang being arbitrary, and rarely talking about "referendum". As an emperor, being willing to listen to both sides can be regarded as a wise king, let alone handing over the power that he has monopolized to others to share?

    Those old officials and literati were even more shocked at this moment. Yu Guozhen had solicited the opinions of so many people for a long time, but no news was leaked. Yu Guozhen had done a great job in keeping this matter secret!

    "We can try it out today as to how to hold a referendum." Yu Guozhen saidAfter a moment of surprise, a Chinese Army soldier came up holding a large box. There was a small opening on the box that could fit a letter. Immediately afterwards, someone else began to distribute printed paper and pens, officially attending the meeting.  Everyone in the group of more than 300 people had a share in front of them, but the spectators sitting aside had nothing.

    "All the papers have three items: agree, object, and abstain. Later I will read out the structure and organizational form of the Chinese government that I propose. If you agree, write the word "yes" after the agreement. If you disagree, please write the word "yes" after the objection.  The same goes for writing the word 'may' and abstaining from voting Important matters related to the country must be approved by an absolute majority of you before the referendum is passed. The so-called absolute majority means two-thirds or more of those present who have the right to vote.  also."

    When Yu Guozhen said these words, some of the old officials were a little disdainful: This is unnecessary. Now there are a total of 371 people selected by Yu Guozhen to have the right to vote. They are all Yu Guozhen's cronies. Who would oppose Yu Guozhen?  proposal?

    But some people with a longer-term perspective thought: With Yu Guozhen's personal prestige, there will naturally be no or very few objections. However, if this system is formed, in the future, Yu Guozhen's descendants will no longer have his prestige, and officials seem to be able to pass  This form was used to restrain the imperial power, so that a weak emperor would not cause harm to the country and the people.

    "General matters of the country. Only the consent of more than half of the people present will be considered as a referendum. As for what is a major matter and what is a general matter, we will discuss it in the future. If the number of people on both sides of the public discussion is equal, both for and against  If it is half, then I, or the future emperor, will have the final say."

    This is what it should be. Everyone is still recalling the system of referendum on state affairs proposed by Yu Guozhen. The more they think about it, the more they feel that this matter has a profound meaning. Although it can pool wisdom, it can also easily lead to party disputes.  It seems that Chongzhen, who was sitting aside and listening, felt that Yu Guozhen was laying hidden dangers for future generations by doing this: he could now guarantee that those who participated in the public discussion would only follow his lead.  But in the future, if someone connects the upper and lower lines.  Everyone who participated in the referendum was colluded with.  Wouldn¡¯t it be possible to evade the emperor?

    However, Chongzhen understood that it was Yu Guozhen who was in charge of state affairs now. Yu Guozhen invited him to attend, which was actually out of politeness and consideration. If he objected at this time, it would be disrespectful.  He secretly noted the matter, thinking that he would discuss it with Yu Guozhen later.  Then I heard Yu Guozhen begin to announce the composition and structure of the new court.

    The emperor is naturally unique. Unless he chooses to abdicate, the emperor will serve for life.  But in principle, when one reaches the age of seventy, he should abdicate to take care of himself.  The head of the ministers is the chief assistant, and there is one chief assistant.  They are appointed and dismissed by the emperor, and a term system is implemented, that is, the term of the chief assistant is four years. After four years, he can be re-elected once, but he cannot be re-elected.  But here Yu Guozhen proposed a ridiculous move similar to Emperor Zhengde's when he appointed himself a general. He actually appointed himself as the first chief assistant!

    But then everyone understood what Yu Guozhen meant: under the chief assistant, there can be six secondary assistants to assist the first assistant in charge of various affairs, and the selection of the second assistant is proposed by the first assistant, not the emperor!

    Chongzhen frowned. He knew that Yu Guozhen's move was probably because he had learned a lesson from the Ming Dynasty.  Several emperors in the late Ming Dynasty had the habit of changing their chief ministers and cabinet ministers on a revolving door. The Chongzhen Dynasty was not unique in changing forty or fifty chief ministers.  The four-year term and the ability to be re-elected only once can, on the one hand, maintain the relative consistency of political orders, and on the other hand, they can effectively control the power of the chief minister and prevent him from becoming a powerful minister like Zhang Juzheng.

    As for Yu Guozhen appointing himself as the first chief minister, others think it is absurd, but Chongzhen thinks it is normal: This is an expedient move made by Yu Guozhen in order to be able to fully implement his intentions. I think his term system is also to show everyone that in the short term,  It would take four years, or as long as eight years, before the real first assistant would be appointed. During this period, everyone, especially the few people he appointed as second assistants, would have to work harder.

    The first assistant proposed the candidate for the second assistant, which existed in the Ming Dynasty, but it was not a common practice. More often, the emperor used the second assistant to restrain the first assistant.  This time Yu Guozhen institutionalized it, probably to prevent internal strife among the cabinet ministers.

    "The central government has a government cabinet, which is divided into nineteen ministries. They are the Ministry of Personnel, which is in charge of personnel evaluation, promotion, dismissal, and retirement; the Ministry of Accounts, which is in charge of central finance and tax matters; the Ministry of War, which is in charge of national defense and armament matters; and the Ministry of Construction, which is in charge of various matters.  projects, water conservancy, and road transportation construction matters; the Ministry of Rites is in charge of religion, culture, entertainment, newspapers, periodicals, and publicity matters; the Ministry of Railways is in charge of national railway construction matters; the Ministry of Agriculture is in charge of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers' matters; the Ministry of Industry is in charge of industry and mining matters  ; Ministry of Commerce, in charge of various business activities and business industries; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in charge of exchanges with foreign countries; Ministry of Maritime Affairs, in charge of water transportation and fishery matters; Department of Immigration, in charge of overseas immigration matters; Central Bank, in charge of all banks and banks, equity and  Debt and currency issuance matters; Ministry of Education, in charge of all levels of educationSchool education and examination matters; the Ministry of Health, in charge of hospitals and doctors at all levels, and the promotion of various sports; the Research Institute, in charge of various practical and technical research matters; the General Post Office, in charge of postal affairs; and the Naturalization Department, in charge of interracial affairs  Assimilation matters; the Ministry of Public Security is in charge of patrol and security matters in the mainland and also manages militia matters.  "

    Yu Guozhen¡¯s reading was very short, but the relevant information distributed to everyone included the specific scope of authority of each ministry, including officials from the old dynasty. At this time, there were also people who came to distribute the information.  When everyone saw these eighteen ministries, they felt that they were more detailed and more specific than the six ministries in the old dynasty.  However, among these eighteen ministries, there was no Ministry of Punishment, which was in charge of the law before, and there was no Dali Temple, which tried cases. Everyone was a little surprised.

    At this moment, Yu Guozhen said again: "The original responsibilities of the Ministry of Justice, Dali Temple and other functions of the previous dynasty were consolidated into one, and another organization was set up as the Central Legal Affairs Headquarters, with the Secretary of Justice as its chief officer, the Legal Affairs Bureau and the Supervisory Yuan.  and the Integrity Yuan. The Facao Yuan is in charge of prosecution and trial matters, civil cases, the second and final instance, criminal cases, the third instance and the final instance, which are accepted by the Facao Yuan and its assigned local courts; all judgment results should be supervised by the Supervisory Yuan, and whether the process and results are  Fair and legal, and whether there is any violation of the law for personal gain; the Integrity Yuan is in charge of officials at all levels and the supervision of various government affairs."

    This central legal headquarters not only takes the powers of the Ministry of Justice and Dali Temple into its hands, but also controls some of the powers of the former factory guards. It is located outside the government cabinet and can limit and supervise the power of the government cabinet, but it does not  As for excessive interference in the administration of government affairs and cabinet administration.  Moreover, the Secretary of Justice of the Legal Affairs Headquarters is directly appointed by the emperor. His term is ten years and cannot be re-elected. In other words, the Secretary of Justice and the Chief Assistant of the Cabinet are not subordinate to each other, and the relationship between the two parties is relatively independent.

    Everyone also saw Yu Guozhen¡¯s thoughts at this time. Although he took the initiative to restrict some imperial powers, he also divided the power of the cabinet. In a sense, he was still pursuing balance.  But unlike in the past, what the Ming emperor pursued was just the balance between people. What he pursued was the balance between power and power, and the balance between system and system. Under this balance, no matter who comes to power, it will not affect the whole.

    It¡¯s just that the idea is very good, whether it can be realized depends on the specific operation.  Everyone knew that Yu Guozhen had not finished speaking. Among the materials distributed, Yu Guozhen still had many ideas about the central and local governments in the new dynasty.

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