Oligopoly actually refers to a small number of sellers, large monopoly capitalists or monopoly capitalist groups that hold huge financial capital and actually control the lifeline of the national economy and national power. Generally speaking, the number of manufacturers in an oligopoly market is small, and manufacturers are interdependent, prices are stable, and it is relatively difficult for manufacturers to enter and exit.
However, Russian oligarchs have a special meaning. Russian oligarchs refer to the big capitalists who became rich overnight during the privatization process in the 1990s. It must be emphasized that these people are all big capitalists, and this big character cannot be ignored. You know, no matter whether it is on Wall Street or internationally, those who can be called big capitalists all have strong strength in the capital market and have strong financial confidence.
The 1990s was a special era for Russia and an unforgettable era for all Russian people.
era, or rather, it was a dark era.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, Yeltsin came to power. In order to stabilize the regime and change the status quo in Russia, or in other words, driven by certain interest groups, the regime headed by Yeltsin carried out privatization reforms. From the current situation, it seems that this behind-the-scenes driving force is involved. , the presence of Wall Street giants is absolutely indispensable.
This reform process, regardless of the results and achievements, not to mention what kind of impact it has had on the development of Russia, just talking about this privatization process, hey, it has really enriched a lot of speculators, and as a result, many countries have been born. Few oligarchs.
In the early 1990s, many people in China made their fortune by doing Sino-Russian trade, specializing in transporting daily necessities to Russia at the border, and then transporting leather, steel, etc. from Russia. Those with great ability could even bring them back. All kinds of industrial equipment, secretly, guns, ammunition and even aircraft and tanks are not to mention. At that time, these people were all called traitors, and most of them made a lot of money. Of course, some of them were buried at the border, and some were buried in the rivers.
A few years later, many businessmen have transformed and grown into well-known entrepreneurs in the country. The most famous one is probably Zhong Qimou. This guy is very brave, but he has actually done something. He is holding a bunch of cans and is stunned. He returned from Russia a few aircraft with good performance, and it was immediately rumored to be a grand event, and the limelight lasted for a while.
Of course, compared with the Russian oligarchs, what they earned is nothing compared to these so-called speculators who have made a fortune. These bad guys are at best small businessmen with courage and vision who have made a small fortune. It is really nothing compared to the oligarchs who wantonly embezzled state-owned property with the support of Russian officials. These people, or the interest groups headed by these oligarchs, relied on the support of the government and the officials during the privatization reform. Help, and benefit greatly from the privatization reform. The huge number will definitely stun those who know the situation.
Just like the Vantaa Project, if it had not been exposed later, it would have been unimaginable that such a person secretly stole more than 20 trillion US dollars in assets from the Soviet Union. In the privatization reform, if the benefits obtained by the oligarchs are added up, the number will definitely be above this value and not below it.
During the time when he was compiling information at the Academy of Social Sciences, Liu Xun studied the information specifically, which really left him stunned. He even thought that Russia was the most powerful country in the world. Although later, with his experience, he With the increase in the number of countries, this concept has changed, but during that special time, Russia's degree of independence was definitely among the top three in the world.
Liu Xun can still remember an incident in 1996. It seemed that it was March. Yeltsin secretly summoned seven financial oligarchs, including United Bank President Berezovsky, Bridge Bank President Gusinsky, and International Bank. Vinogradov, President of Commercial Bank, Smolensky, President of Capital Savings Bank, Friedman, President of Alfa Bank, Khodorkovsky, President of Menatep Bank, and Malkin, President of Russian Credit and Commercial Bank.
During that meeting, Yeltsin and the seven people reached an agreement: the bankers provided financial support to ensure Yeltsin's re-election; Yeltsin promised to safeguard the economic interests of the oligarchs. Since then, a new political vocabulary has emerged in Russia: the "Seven Oligarchs."
But in fact, during the privatization reform, the number of big capitalists and big oligarchs that emerged was far more than these seven, and they did not appear in 1996.
In fact, on the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the oligarchs in the Far East had already begun to sprout. Vantaa can be said to be the earliest oligarch and the one who gained the biggest fruits.
Before 1996, many oligarchs had appeared in Russia, and some successful oligarchs were far more powerful than these seven people. They had acquired more assets and had stronger strength.
Most of these seven famous oligarchs did not end well in the end. Some of them fled and took refuge, but some other famous people did not.The oligarch who was not visible always made a fortune in silence, and did not come into the sight of others until many years later. Obviously, the financial giants on Wall Street belong to this category. The Wall Street giants settled in Russia certainly not because of Liu Xun, the reborn little butterfly. In another time and space, they should have made similar moves, but their The confidentiality work was done well, even if the Vantaa Project was declassified, their original actions were not known to the world, which shows the energy of these people.
Of course, Liu Xun, the little butterfly, naturally had some influence. For example, Zhou Peiwan participated in the feast of dividing the property.
Yes, Russia¡¯s privatization reform is also an activity for oligarchs to carve up Russian property.
"Auntie, I'm looking forward to this. One day in the future, auntie can become a big oligarch in Russia, and become a person that Yeltsin even looks up to. Well, now that Yeltsin has lured Wall Street giants into his house in order to gain the support of Western consortium, Be prepared to be devoured by these evil wolves, just wait for the leech on Wall Street to suck your blood."
In fact, when Liu Xun was sorting out this information at the Academy of Social Sciences, he was confused because, according to his calculations, the assets misappropriated in Russia during the privatization reform were far more than the number of assets owned by the oligarchs. , although there is some moisture here and the numbers are not entirely accurate, they are still quite different. The gap can never be that big. There is still a huge difference that cannot be ignored, so Liu Xun deliberately paid attention to it. .
Only now, after listening to what Zhou Peiwan said, did Liu Xun know that the Wall Street consortium has always been behind Russia's privatization reform. These financial giants are the biggest blood-sucking leech in Russia. Russian oligarchs are more powerful than Russia. When you look up, they are as docile as a little sheep. That huge difference naturally fell into the pockets of these financial giants.
"You bastard, you are a talkative, I dare to love you, my aunt is both a wolf and a locust. Humph, next time we meet" Zhou Peiwan naturally understood what the oligarch meant, but her attention was deliberately distracted. In the last half of the sentence, I was dissatisfied with Liu Xun's metaphor.
Liu Xun cracked his lips and smiled gently. He could still think of his aunt on the other end of the phone, pouting her lips and pretending to be angry. He couldn't help but feel hot in his heart. He and his aunt, oh, why are good things always hard to come by? Why do the two of them, I have to be bound by the worldly relationship that I clearly don¡¯t have
"Auntie, do you dare to say that when you went to Russia, didn't you plan to go to Russia to take advantage of others? Didn't you plan to take advantage of Yeltsin? Didn't you plan to take advantage of the situation and become Russia's oligarchs? Hehe, the giants of Wall Street are not casual. Good people who give alms to good people.¡±
"I see, you are just rounding the corner and saying that your aunt is not kind, huh, right?" Zhou Peiwan wrinkled her nose and continued to play word games with Liu Xun.
"Uh, aunt, let's get down to business, okay?"
Liu Xun was also a little helpless about Zhou Peiwan's occasional pretense about his little daughter. However, how Zhou Peiwan talked to him also showed that the worldly gap had gradually melted between the two. Success seemed to be In front of you.
"Okay, let's get down to business."
Zhou Peiwan sighed slightly, as if she suddenly changed from the little woman who was coquettish to Liu Xun just now to the strong woman on Wall Street who dominates the financial market. If someone were standing next to her at this moment, they would find that the wrinkled woman just now The cute woman with a small nose suddenly became an iron lady-like existence.
"What you said is quite right. There are no good people on Wall Street. Now that they have opened the door to us, they must be prepared for heavy bleeding. Of course, although Yeltsin is leading the wolf into the house this time, it is a last resort. Even if he Even though I knew I had a part-time job, I had to bite the bullet and go ahead. The Soviet Union had just disintegrated, the country was unstable, Yeltsin's regime was also unstable, and the nineteen members of the Paris Club were aggressive. He asked Russia to repay more than 10 billion US dollars in loans, and for the sake of his own future, he had to succumb to the big guys on Wall Street."
"Auntie, sooner or later you will become a big shot on Wall Street"
"Don't interrupt." Zhou Peiwan interrupted Liu Xun and continued, "According to our plan, with the support of the Yeltsin regime, we will forcefully enter some areas that were originally impossible to enter and gradually annex them."
"I understand, aunt, you are planning to control Russia's electricity, oil and gas, power, metallurgical and financial industries, which involve basic people's livelihood, such as tap water, natural gas, electricity, etc., and gradually control basic industries. If you put it on a normal day, , it is definitely impossible to be controlled by foreign forces, but the current situation in Russia is different, and naturally it is another matter. I am afraid, if there are not capital groups like youSupport, these basic things that maintain the basis of people's livelihood in Russia cannot be maintained. ¡± (To be continued.