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Volume Six: The Rising Sun Chapter 552: Controlling Sand and Floods

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    Chen Jiayong took Canary No. 1 from Tashkent to Ashgabat, the capital of the Turkmen administrative region, in the early morning. He asked Sukai to drive the plane at a lower altitude and fly slowly. Along the way, he saw that in addition to the green valleys in the eastern valley,  The rest are patches of yellow desert and some grasslands, and the natural conditions are much worse than those in Uzbekistan.  After flying 800 kilometers for more than two hours, the plane landed at the airport. Chen Jiayong felt a wave of heat hitting his face as soon as he got off the plane. It was almost July, and the temperature under the bright sun was around 38 degrees Celsius, which was much hotter than Tashkent.  Everyone changed into summer clothes in the waiting room.

    Chen Jiayong and his party went to the administrative district government, which was the original Turkmen Presidential Palace. After listening to the reports from the working group and various departments, he said: "The Turkmen administrative district currently has several major things to do. One is to immediately build the Ashgabat-Tehran link.  The railway is connected to the land transportation in West Asia, and then the outlet to the Caspian Sea is returned to facilitate trade in the direction of Europe. The second is to vigorously develop oil and gas resources under the guidance of the Ministry of Petrochemicals. Don¡¯t look at the fact that 80% of this place is desert  , but there is a sea of ??oil below. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly establish a relatively complete petrochemical industry to promote the economic development of the region. The third is to vigorously develop and make full use of water resources, and divert river water from the southeastern mountainous areas to the southwest desert areas.  The fourth is to demolish the old houses in various towns in the district, especially the houses made of earth and stone, and rebuild them into reinforced concrete houses, with a maximum height of 5 stories. The renovation project will start immediately. The cost will be borne by the Government Administration Council and the administrative district." Sapa  De asked puzzledly: "Dear General Counsel, I don't understand the fourth major thing you mentioned. In addition to dilapidated houses that should be demolished, old houses can still be inhabited. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. Wouldn't it be a pity to demolish them?"  Is it? Besides, how much financial and material resources will it cost?" Chen Jiayong said: "Let Dr. Liu explain this issue."

    Liu Yuntao opened the large electronic screen that had just been installed on the wall of the conference room and preached: "The Turkmen Administrative Region is located in the Himalayan-Mediterranean seismic zone. Earthquakes occur frequently and pose a great threat to mankind. According to monitoring by the China Earthquake Administration, within two years  "A strong earthquake of magnitude 8-10 may occur in the Ashgabat area. In order to reduce losses, a group of earthquake-resistant housing must be built as soon as possible 30 kilometers north of the city, and the city may even be moved there to reduce casualties." Aimaiz  Question: "I know about earthquakes. There are minor earthquakes here from time to time, and we can all feel them. How did the government predict that a major earthquake might occur?" Liu Yuntao said: "Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon and are inevitable, but  It can be predicted. Our Seismological Bureau has successfully predicted many moderately strong earthquakes (Note: On October 6, 1948, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8-10 occurred in Turkmenistan. 180,000 people died in Ashgabat alone.  The city was in ruins.). The Yangon earthquake is an example." He called up the documentary of the Yangon earthquake in 1930. The monstrous tsunami and the tragic scene after the earthquake made people shudder!  Liu Yuntao said: "We predicted that the Yangon earthquake might occur within one month, so many overseas Chinese moved up the mountain, saving nearly 200,000 lives. The earthquake in Yangon reached a magnitude of 8.8, and houses with brick and wood structures  The damage was not the biggest, but the biggest loss was the tsunami. The desert areas of Turkmenistan were already short of water, let alone Shanghai. However, the large number of mud barriers and stone houses could not withstand a violent earthquake.  Yes, people who live in such a house will be buried alive. This is why General Counsel Chen assigned the fourth major task." Everyone was amazed.

    Yang Sen said: "In order to plant trees, I went to investigate the water resources. The Amu Darya River originates from the mountains of Afghanistan in the southeast, with a runoff of 5,000 cubic meters per second. Canals can be opened in the upstream area of ????Kemure to divert water to the west.  It crosses the desert to the city of Mali, which is 350 kilometers away, and then collects the water of the Volgab River flowing from north to south to Mali, increasing the water volume by about 1,200 cubic meters per second, diverting the water westward to the city of Ashgabat, and then extending westward to the Caspian Sea, with a total length of 1,550  kilometers, it can moisten the desert area of ??400,000 hectares. Depending on the amount of water, it can be built into an artificial canal. The canal is 50 meters wide and the water depth can reach 3 meters. It can drive ships of more than 500 tons directly to the city of Krasnovsk on the Caspian Sea.  "

    Chen Jiayong said: "The Karakum Desert is nearly 400,000 square kilometers, accounting for 80% of the administrative area of ??Turkmenistan. It is one of the driest inland areas in the world, with very little rainfall and snowfall every year. Diverting water to the desert is an important step in transforming the desert.  A major initiative, at least a green corridor can be established. The main purpose of building the canal is to divert water to the desert, and we must ensure that the canal water is not polluted. However, cheap water transportation is also necessary, and it is recommended to use new non-polluting ones.  Ships powered by solar energy/rechargeable batteries currently have a maximum power of 500 horsepower. Taking a cargo load of 1,000 tons as an example, when the canal flow speed is 1 meter/second, the speed along the current can reach 30 kilometers/hour, and the speed against the current can reach 18 kilometers.  / hour. Although slow, the running cost is only one-fifth of that of a railway train, and it can also carry large and heavy items. It can be used as two main line railways."

    Jiang Jingguo said: "In view of the above situation, it has been decided to immediately start the construction of the artificial Grand Canal with an interest-free loan of 1 billion Asian dollars from the Asian Development Bank. The Turkmen Administrative Region will allocate 50 billion Asian dollars worth of industrial, civil and building projects in advance.?, and immediately put into various construction projects.  The Ministry of Finance will then allocate funds to build a medium-sized steel plant and two cement plants with an annual output of 5 million tons.  An earthquake bureau must also be established immediately.  "(Sure enough, two years later, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8-10 occurred in the Ashgabat area. Thanks to earthquake-proof facilities and post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction plans, the casualties caused by the earthquake were reduced to a minimum.  Chen Jiayong is revered as a god by the Turkmen people and is enshrined in statues. This is not stated.)

    Chen Jiayong, Yang Yong and others went to the headquarters of the 2nd Army Group in the theater in the afternoon, and Hou Renjun quickly invited them to a cooler conference room.  Chen Jiayong said to Hou Renjun: "Your father Hou Diankun was a fierce general who fought against the Japanese. I didn't expect that the next generation like you would grow up again. You have completed the task of military takeover very well." Hou Renjun said shyly: "I  I saw you on Mount Weihu back then. I was only 15 years old at that time, and I was in the logistics team." He reported: "Our 2nd Army came here mainly to scare the Turkmen Defense Forces and achieve a smooth military takeover.  Purpose, during the whole process, only less than 100 people were killed or injured. In fact, one army is enough for Turkmen defense." Yang Yong said: "The 2nd Army will have to stay here for three to five months, and wait until the entire situation stabilizes.  Slowly withdraw the defenses. At the same time, the army must allocate some personnel and machinery to participate in the Grand Canal project. The Turkmen are not good at engineering, so our army will help first."

    Chen Jiayong said to Yang Yong, Qiangba and Chen Tailang: "The National Defense Forces have nearly 5 million troops in the northwest, and many soldiers are demobilized and retired every year. We must encourage them to stay and take root in the border areas, and encourage them to start their own businesses, run farms, forest farms,  Small businesses, etc., support them in intermarriage with local girls of various ethnic groups. Will there be a big war in the northwest for a while? We still cannot relax our border defense. Some troops can be transferred to production and construction. Reclamation and border defense is our established policy for national defense.  It is recommended to establish a new construction corps in Chaoyang, Barnaul, and Uzbekistan. Each corps should not be less than 100,000 people. Like other construction corps, it should be directly under the leadership of the Logistics Department of the Ministry of National Defense." Yang Yong said: "This has always been a good way to guard the border.  , all output of the Construction Corps will be used for military expenditures, and the military will support the military, which can reduce a lot of pressure on national defense expenditures. I will consult with the civil affairs, border defense and local departments to formulate a formation plan as soon as possible."

    Chen Jiayong said to Hou Renjun: "Xiao Hou, you need to take good care of the several breeding farms in Turkmenistan. The Akhal Tekin horse here is very precious. It is the oldest horse in the world that has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years."  , one of the most outstanding horse breeds. In our ancient Chinese literature, it is called "Tianma" and "Dawan Liangma", and it is also known as the "bloody horse". It is said that the red rabbit horse under Guan Gong in ancient times was also  For this reason. This horse is the first choice of modern heads of state and kings in the ceremonial guard." Hou Renjun said: "I also heard that this horse is the national treasure of the original Turkmen, I will definitely send someone to take care of it!"

    The next day, Chen Jiayong took a group of more than 20 people on Canary 1 and flew eastward to Mukele, 600 kilometers away, to inspect the canal water source.  On the plane, Minister of Water Resources Qian Zhenying, who came to deploy the canal project, pointed to the ground and introduced: "The Amu Darya River originates from two rivers in the administrative region of Afghanistan in the northwest of the Hindu Kush Mountains, both at an altitude of 2,500-3,500 meters.  , when flowing through the lower reaches of Kunduz, it gathers three rivers from the Dushanbe Mountains in the Tajik Administrative Region. When flowing through Temez in Turkmenistan, it is about 800 meters above sea level, and goes west to the town of Mukele, which is about 500 meters above sea level.  At that time, the river flow has reached 6,500 cubic meters/second, which means that 2,500 cubic meters/second of water can be diverted from here to supply the canal all year round." Chen Jiayong said: "We must fully consider the permeability of the desert, and the canal must be cast with reinforced concrete.  ." Qiangba said: "As soon as the construction area is flattened, the terrain is not too complicated. Hou Renjun has already mobilized three engineering regiments to work on it first." Chen Jiayong called the captain Su Kai and said to him: "Let's  Can you come down and have a look?" Su Kai said, "You can land on the grass."

    On the grass, after a while, a bus from the construction headquarters arrived and took Chen Jiayong and his party to the construction site. The construction site was in full swing, with hundreds of various types of excavation and construction machinery being intensively constructed.  Jin Baiyin, deputy commander of the 2nd Army, said: "The three engineering regiments have been working for a week. The survey by the Ministry of Water Resources has determined the 500-kilometer canal trunk line. We cast 1,000 meters of the canal bottom and shoulder every day. The project is progressing smoothly, but  We must ensure the timely supply of construction materials." Sapard said excitedly: "This is a sweet spring sent to the desert! Thank you very much for the support of the army, our local government should ensure the supply of materials!" The engineering and technical staff of the Ministry of Water Resources said: "  The canal starts from Mukele at an altitude of 660 meters, and the average altitude of the Karakum Desert is 150 meters. We designed the drop to be 0.5 meters per kilometer, and the flow rate after channelization is 0.1 meters/second. Construction is carried out according to the terrain, and the length  It may be necessary to add hundreds of kilometers and build it in a meandering shape to the west." Qian Zhenying said: "The water diversion should follow the trend from high to low terrain. This is normal, but the quality of the project must be given top priority. In the west  A low-lying wetland 125 kilometers away needs to be used to store water to adjust the high and low water levels. It is estimated that the water storage area will be no less than 70 square kilometers and the lake water capacity will be no less than 50 million cubic meters, which is enough to ensure supply.The canal's year-round water levels.  Thanks to the troops for their support, the project got off to a good start.  The canal will be built at a rate of 2,000 meters per day.  "

    Yang Sen told his successors, Minister of Forestry He Youpeng, Minister of Agriculture Lin Moran, and Director of the Administrative Region Forestry Department Saifir: "A large number of trees must be planted on both sides of the canal, but drought-tolerant and timber-growing tree species must be planted.  It is used to conserve water sources and transform deserts. With trees, farmland can be developed. Successful examples include the 2-kilometer-wide drought-tolerant and water-retaining forest belt and 500-meter-wide crop fields of the Surya River in Inan. This grand canal also  It can be expanded." Everyone agreed.

    Liu Yuntao led a large group of department leaders and experts to be busy. Chen Jiayong knew that he had nothing to do at the moment, so he shouldered the shotgun and took the little deer, Song Qianqian and Natasha to hunt rabbits in the grass.  Natasha said: "Uncle, rabbits are so cute, don't hunt them." Chen Jiayong said: "If they breed too much, they will overrun and destroy the pasture. We are maintaining the ecological balance." However, the self-proclaimed gun pharaoh said  But he didn't hit one of those cunning rabbits that were running fast. Feeling bored, he went to the construction site and started a bulldozer.  Zhang Yu hunted rabbits one at a time, and in a short time he shot dozens of them and pheasants.  Natasha and Song Qianqian were busy picking up rabbits, and also picked various flowers and made them into garlands to wear on their heads, having a great time.  Zeng Qiaoyun and the crew were happily busy having a picnic on the grass. They roasted, grilled, boiled and fried the hunted hares and pheasants into many kinds of fragrant dishes, which everyone enjoyed.

    Qian Zhenying toasted to Chen Jiayong.  Asked: "Old leader, I want to discuss some issues with you. One is water conservancy, the other is hydropower, and the Yangtze River Mountain (Three) Gorges Project was mentioned by the founding father Mr. Zhongshan when he was still alive. I can't get started.  I think hydropower development should be the main focus. What do you think?" Chen Jiayong looked at this beautiful female minister who was nearly 40 years old and knew that he was not married yet (he was unrequitedly in love with his mentor Wilson). She was Wilson's beloved disciple.  She is very capable and is known as the "Iron Lady" at work. She is almost obsessed with hydropower construction.  He pondered for a moment and said: "I have stepped down. I will only take care of what the government arranges for me to do, and I can't say anything else. Minister Qian is an expert in this field. I have nothing more to say." Qian.  Zhenying said: "You are also an expert. It's rare to see you. Please tell me your opinions."

    Chen Jiayong took a sip of wine and said: "In the beautiful mountain city of Chongqing, there is a mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River called 'Tushan'. There is a huge rock on the riverside at the foot of the mountain, called 'Fugui Stone' or 'Hugui Stone'. Legend has it that  When Dayu was controlling the floods, he was so busy that he never entered the house. His wife Tu Shan stood on the rocks and looked forward to his early return, and later she transformed into the rocks. This legend reflects the importance of flood control since ancient times.  , and Dayu also gained important experience in water control that "it is better to dredge rather than block". We still have to follow this basic principle in water control now. In the three aspects of dredging, shipping and hydropower, "dredging" is the most important  Including dredging rivers, building canals, digging ponds and dams, etc. to eliminate harm and benefit. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System built by Li Bing and his sons in ancient times moistened the Great Plains of Western Sichuan and is a typical example of "drug". The second is shipping. All large and small ships that can be navigable  Rivers must be developed and utilized. The biggest advantages of shipping in transportation are that it is cheap, large in volume, and can carry oversized and heavy items. This is incomparable to trains, cars, airplanes and even pipeline transportation. Typical examples are Western European countries  The joint development and utilization of Rhine River shipping has reduced logistics costs and promoted the development of industrial civilization in Western Europe; the Mississippi River in the United States and the Volga River shipping in Russia have also been developed and utilized very well. Take the main stream of the Yangtze River in China as an example: Yibin to  Passenger and cargo ships with a carrying capacity of 300 tons can pass from Shanghai; 500 tons can pass from Shanghai to Chongqing; 2,500 tons can pass from Chongqing to Yichang; 3,500 tons can pass from Yichang to Wuhan; 5,000 to more than 10,000 tons can pass from Wuhan to Nanjing; Nanjing  To Shanghai, 10,000-ton ships can pass, which is equivalent to 15 main line railways of the same length. The cities along the Yangtze River all developed because of the advantages of ships."

    Qian Zhenying asked puzzledly: "Then why should hydropower be placed third?" Chen Jiayong said: "Hydropower is a pollution-free and clean energy that should be vigorously developed. Your teacher and I had the first time in the mountains of southern Yunnan.  The largest capital investment is in Jixiangzhai Jiankou and Pianya small hydropower stations. Electricity has promoted the rapid development of Jixiangzhai. When I say that hydropower is placed in third place, it is relative to the comprehensive consideration of the first two. In fact, the construction of hydropower stations  It is to control the 'blockage' in the water. Human beings have invented hydropower. Water energy has benefited mankind, but it is not just to build it on rivers on a whim. That is to say, building hydropower stations is not only to generate electricity, but also not to hinder shipping or flood a large amount of farmland.  . We must also consider the disaster prevention and reduction functions of water storage, flood storage and flood discharge regulation, as well as the prevention of sedimentation in rivers in the reservoir area, etc. If not taken into account, many problems will arise. Mr. Zhongshan mentioned  The Yangtze River hydropower project can be built, but it will not be built in the Three Gorges section of the main shipping stream. It will be built in the non-navigable Tiger Leaping Gorge alpine canyon on the Jinsha River above Yibin., just like the rich hydropower resources in the Medog region of Tibet, they can be developed step by step.  Qian Zhenying felt enlightened after hearing this.

    Chen Jiayong said: "I heard that the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power is planning to be restructured into China Hydropower Corporation, and the water conservancy functions will be transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture. Do you have any objections?" Qian Zhenying said: "In the beginning, it was because electric power is for industrial development."  "Xianxingguan", I am a little anxious, fearing that the development of hydropower will be restricted. After listening to what you said, I have figured it out: we can't heal one eye and blind the other eye.  Businesses cannot engage in problematic projects." Chen Jiayong said: "That's right. The construction of the canal can be left to Lin Moran of the Ministry of Agriculture, but the construction of hydropower stations is not easy." Qian Zhenying said: "Don't worry.  , I will arrange it." Chen Jiayong asked: "Have you seen your teacher recently?" Qian Zhenying blushed and said: "I haven't seen you for a long time. There are small hydropower stations planned to be built by the private poverty alleviation foundation you established.  There are nearly 100 seats, and he walks around the mountain all day long." Chen Jiayong said: "He trained a capable female disciple like you to work on huge hydropower projects, but he went to do pediatrics again." Qian Zhenying said: "Large-scale backbone  The hydropower project serves the overall energy construction and grid connection. I am afraid that it will not benefit those remote small villages for a while. Small hydropower is a useful supplement. The teacher is doing a very meaningful thing. I have sent nearly  Hundreds of engineering and technical personnel assisted him in his work for free." Chen Jiayong said: "Thank you for your support of the foundation. I may not have seen him for a long time, so I have to take time to visit various construction sites."

    (Digression: The Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project built in later generations brought a series of problems during its operation: 1. A large number of fertile farmland and fruit forests were flooded, and millions of immigrants lost their homes. They have not yet been resettled. Among the petitioning households, the largest number,  Affecting social stability; 2. The ship lock is like an "intestinal obstruction", hindering about one-third of the normal cargo volume of Yangtze River shipping, causing huge logistics losses; 3. Cutting off the ecological migration of migratory fish in the Yangtze River, which cannot be solved so far  ; 4. Daliao, which is nearly 200 meters high, hinders the climate cycle in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, causing severe heat and drought in the upper reaches of the reservoir area for years; 5. Water storage regulation is limited, and the lower reaches are still droughts when they should be dry, and floods when they should be; 6.  The generated electricity has not greatly alleviated the increasingly scarce electricity shortage in East and South China, and electricity consumption is still "shortage"; 7. Reservoir "draining clear (water) and storing muddy (water)" has brought negative consequences: the Chongqing area at the end of the reservoir  The rivers were seriously silted up. The famous Chaotianmen Pier was so silted up that the cargo terminal had to be moved down to Cuntan. The banks of the Jianghan Plain downstream were washed away by clear water, and there was no sediment to make up for them. The collapse was serious, and the repair project was very expensive; 8.  Over the years, the official publicity of the "huge role" of the Three Gorges Project has been so great that people's expectations for its functions have been magnified n times, but in fact they have not been able to achieve it Adding up the disadvantages and losses caused, the issued  That little bit of electricity cannot make up for it at all! Qian Zying, the Minister of Water and Power at that time, was the first to propose using electricity as the key link, and he fought against all opinions and appealed from top to bottom. The Three Gorges Dam, which was built at a huge cost, eliminated many hidden dangers and problems.  The fundamental reason left to future generations is that hydropower stations should not be built on the navigable main stream of the Yangtze River. This is a common sense issue, but it was decided that way at the time. The author participated in the "Three Gorges Project Reservoir Backwater" 15 years ago  Many people have already had the above-mentioned doubts about the investigation and scientific research work of the "change zone". Academician L of the Ministry of Communications (formerly an old rightist) who was in charge of the research work once advised everyone not to put forward contrary opinions. He said: "The Three Gorges Project is determined by the higher authorities.  What has been changed is the will of the chief, and no one can stop it. It is similar to the time when we were working under the planned economy, with electricity as the key point, regardless of other things. Now the Ministry of Water and Power is in the spotlight, and our Ministry of Transport is just a supporting role. Don't talk about the impact.  Shipping, siltation at the end of the reservoir, etc., we have to follow suit. Besides, hydropower stations can also generate electricity." Everyone was dumbfounded.)

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