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- Chapter 367 Yuan Shikai¡¯s Compromise
"How to fight for as much power as possible!"
Sitting on the hospital bed, this question flew north with my thoughts, and the question had reached an unavoidable point. //www.//txt e-book download**
If a country has two positions: president and prime minister at the same time, then one of these two positions will inevitably be fictitious. In a country with a presidential system, the prime minister is fictitious; in a country with a cabinet system, the president is fictitious.
But what about in China?
How could someone as powerful as Yuan Shikai be willing to be a fictitious president?
What about yourself? How can I be willing to act like a deaf ear!
And the current "Convention" confirms from a legal perspective that China is a country that implements a presidential republic. This means that unless you want to try a big move, it is impossible to change this reality, and any attempt to change it now is likely to It will lead to a civil war, and any form of civil war now will cause China to miss the precious development opportunity of World War I. If it cannot seize this opportunity, China will miss the last opportunity to become a powerful country in history.
And now according to Yuan Shikai's idea, at least before Yuan Shikai's death, he can only accept Yuan Shikai's "two to one plus five" power division, that is, the State Council controls five ministries, and then starts its own work among these five ministries. .
Li Zicheng shook his head helplessly when he thought of the five ministries that Yuan Shikai was prepared to hand over to him according to the intelligence, and that two of them would be used as bargaining chips for "discussing counteroffers."
"The power is too small!"
"If I directly accept Yuan Shikai's suggestion, I will be trapped in a cocoon. By then, I am afraid that "government orders will not leave the State Council." No, it should be "government orders will not leave the State Council."
Among the five ministries: the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, and the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has the most power and is responsible for civil governance, police administration, staff management, and performance appraisal across the country. It is very difficult for this department to fall into my hands. Beyond Li Zicheng's expectation, even according to the original plan, the Ministry of Internal Affairs was a must-win department.
The reason is very simple. Yuan Shikai cannot hand over any of the Army and Navy departments. This means that if Li Zicheng wants to have his own force, he can only use his brains outside the Army and Navy departments and be responsible for the national police force. The Ministry of Internal Affairs is one of the few ministries that can "legally" possess weapons.
As for the other four ministries, they are only necessary ministries to "promote industry and build the country." Although the Ministry of Communications can barely be regarded as a power organ because it controls the country's ports and railways, and it is a "f¨¦i with good and bad", it has no influence on itself. For example, what is needed is not money or a salary to reward meritorious subordinates.
Li Zicheng clearly knows what he needs. What he needs is power organs that can "promote himself". Those power organs cooperate with each other and can directly influence the country and the presidential palace. Now these five ministries, except the Ministry of Internal Affairs, In addition to the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Communications are not what we need at all.
It is precisely because of this that he took this risky move and used an assassination case to force Yuan Shikai to make concessions, thereby obtaining the power agencies he needed. Among these agencies, the most important ones are the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry of Finance is undoubtedly the most important organ, and finance is the mother of all political affairs. Why Longhai can have all kinds of privileges is not due to the central government's financial distress, which made it use a huge sum of money to buy the land along the Longhai Railway. privilege.
As for the Ministry of Justice, in this era of China, the power of the Ministry of Justice is not great, but in the later generations of the United States, the Ministry of Justice is one of the most powerful agencies in the United States. Not to mention other things, it is the FBI, tobacco, alcohol, firearms, and explosives. There are several powerful agencies such as the Bureau and the Bureau of Narcotics Control, and the Ministry of Justice can establish several powerful agencies in accordance with the law. This is exactly what Li Zicheng needs.
With the Ministry of the Interior, agencies such as internal affairs forces or armed police can be established for various reasons. With the Ministry of Finance, there is financial support to establish these agencies and armed forces. As for the Ministry of Justice, it can establish agencies like the FBI. A premise for central intelligence agencies.
Now, of these three ministries, only the Ministry of Internal Affairs was placed under Yuan Shikai's control, and the Minister of Justice was appointed by someone close to Lian Yun. This was acceptable, but the most important Ministry of Finance was not appointed by Yuan Shikai. , without the Ministry of Finance, I would have lost the job of maintaining the basic balance. Without the support of the Ministry of Finance, I would not have been able to obtain enough funds to establish the "Second Army." There would also be no funds to establish intelligence agencies such as the FBI. It is obviously unrealistic to rely on companies and railways to provide funds. The only way to solve the problem is to obtain the Ministry of Finance. But will Yuan Shikai hand over the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Justice now because he has been shot so many times?
"Liang ZhuoFor example, this time I am going to point it at you! "
At two o'clock in the afternoon, Yuan Shikai got up from his nap on time, then picked up the rattan cane with an iron support and went down from the second floor to the office on the first floor. Along the way, the cane was tapped on the floor, making a "tuk-tuk" sound. The people downstairs knew that the president had come downstairs, and they all stood with their hands down and held their breath. When he reached the last step of the stairs, he said "Oh" without coughing. This is his habit, meant to tell everyone that he is about to enter the office.
Xia Shoutian hurried over and opened the office door. He did not enter the door immediately as usual, but asked:
"Is Zhuo Ru coming?"
Liang Qichao would take the initiative to visit him, which was beyond his expectation, but he was still quite grateful to Liang Qichao. Since the "Zhang Yuan case", he has been thinking about how to vindicate the world, and yesterday Liang Qichao's power , but it made him breathe a sigh of relief. Now finally a heavyweight Yuan Shikai spoke for him.
What's even more rare is that Liang Qichao's electrifying article analyzed Yuan's reasons for killing Li one by one, and finally demolished them one by one, and then analyzed the reasons for rebelling against the party to kill Li one by one, and finally analyzed them one by one. Confirmed, in Yuan Shikai's opinion, this is probably the most wonderful article he has ever read in his life.
Because of this, he had not been able to sleep peacefully for many days until yesterday.
"He has already been waiting in the reception room."
Xia Shoutian answered respectfully.
Yuan Shikai turned around and walked towards the reception room.
"The President!"
When Yuan Shikai's short, stout figure appeared at the door, Liang Qichao immediately stood up to greet him.
"Mr. Zhuoru, you are here, sit down quickly, sit down quickly!"
After Yuan Shikai asked Liang Qichao to sit down, he also sat down on the sofa opposite. As soon as he sat down, Yuan Shikai gave instructions to the waiter again.
"Tea!"
"Zhuoru! That means you understand me, Yuan Shikai!"
After sighing, Yuan Shikai looked at Liang Qichao, his eyes were full of gratitude instead of sincerity. Obviously at this time, anyone who could stand up to speak out for him and defend his unfair grievances would be the winner. It's emotional.
Liang Qichao did not take any credit, he just made a remark.
"What the president said was surprising, Liang just told the truth!"
"Zhuoru, I have suffered a lot from others in my life, but this time, I am not willing to give in, but it is not because I am unwilling to do so"
Nodding, Yuan Shikai sighed involuntarily. He glanced out the window, and then continued.
"I am not willing to give up for our China. Now China is showing signs of rejuvenation. If because of this, it will fall into chaos again, how will it be a blessing for China? How can we be worthy of our ancestors!"
Listening to Yuan Shikai's emotion, Yang Du was familiar with Yuan Shikai's conversational style of not using polite words and always going straight to the point. Liang Qichao did not beat around the bush, so he followed his words and immediately turned to the topic.
"President, Qi Chao came to see the President today for another matter."
"oh?"
Yuan Shikai was slightly startled, another thing? What's up?
"Whatever it is, as long as it's as good as yours, I will try my best to handle it."
And Liang Qichao shook his head and said.
"President, I am not here for selfish reasons, but for national affairs! Qi Chao wants to ask the President why it has been six days since Li Zhiyuan was injured, but the President has not sent anyone to express his condolences, so as to alleviate the suffering of the people. Heart!"
"this¡¡"
Yuan Shikai was slightly stunned, and it was difficult to answer directly for a while. He had also thought about who to send, but he asked several people, and they all had one reason or another to tell why they were not suitable to go. In short, no one wanted to go to this pond. water. However, Liang Qichao's words aroused great interest in him. He knew that someone like Liang Qichao would never come to him if he didn't make a decision.
"Does Zhuoru have any good candidates?"
"President, I heard that the powers and responsibilities of the government have been divided!"
Although he knew that Yuan Shikai was somewhat wary of him, Liang Qichao still took the initiative to say something.
"Well, there is indeed a draft!"
Yuan Shikai did not hide this. In fact, he deliberately exposed himself to show that he would never kill Li because of his "greed for power."
"There are ten ministries under the central government, and half of them belong to the government. It really shows the president's heart. But has the president ever thought that military power and financial difficulties are under the jurisdiction of the presidential office? How could Li Zhiyuan be willing to come to Beijing?"
When Liang Qichao said it was obsolete, Yuan Shikai was used to stroking his beard, but when Liang Qichao said this, Yuan Shikai feltAs soon as the sound clicked, the whole person was thinking: What is Liang Qichao thinking? Does he want to be Li Zicheng's lobbyist? No, with Liang Qichao's personality, it is impossible for him to act as Li Zicheng's lobbyist, and there is no need. Acting as Li Zicheng's lobbyist, if he acted as Li Zicheng's lobbyist, he would not publish that article.
"Military power and financial power are the weapons of the country. China is a presidential country, how can we give it to others so easily!"
Yuan Shikai used ruthless words to beat Liang Qichao to death with a stick, but unexpectedly, Liang Qichao smiled and said.
"Where military power lies, there will be prosperity; where military power goes, there will be destruction!"
This sentence made Yuan Shikai stunned. He looked at Liang Qichao in surprise, but saw that Liang Qichao only had a smile on his face, and it seemed that he just said it casually. Although he was surprised that Liang Qichao said it so straightforwardly, he was surprised by this sentence. However, Yuan Shikai had a deep understanding of this. During the Qing Dynasty, the reason why he went to the countryside was just because he showed his virtue and military power, which made the imperial court fearful, so he was forced to go to the countryside. Later, for the last time in his life, he The woman he was afraid of - Lafayette died. Later, when Wuchang Xingyi faced the clan members who were young and capable of pinching the water, he first relied on his influence on the Beiyang Army to regain control of the Beiyang Army. After gaining military power, the young emperor abdicated. It can be said that in this generation, his official career is actually the military career. He became successful in the military, prospered in the military, and flourished in the military. But now
"But wealth is the mother of weapons, and without wealth there are no soldiers!"
Although he knew that what Liang Qichao said was true, and that Li Zicheng had no military power or financial power, he would definitely not want to come to Beijing, and the current thorn case was just an excuse for him.
¡°If you have wealth, you don¡¯t necessarily have soldiers, but without soldiers you definitely can¡¯t protect your wealth!¡±
At this time, Liang Qichao seemed to have lost the appearance of the "constitutional expert" and only looked like an old and cunning politician. However, the words he said were quite useful to Yuan Shikai's ears.
Having wealth does not necessarily mean having soldiers. Soldiers refer to military power. How likely is it that a person without military power can protect his wealth and power?
If this is the case, Yuan Shikai, who was stroking his beard and thinking about it carefully, found that whether in Min Er or now, he had overlooked one thing, that is, he had forgotten how he got the power from the Manchus, and only thought about independence. He held great power, but he didn't expect that there was a key in this power.
Soldiers and wealth seem to complement each other, but in fact, if there is no guarantee of military power, then financial power cannot be taken at will! Why those clans wanted to rely on him in the first place was not because the Beiyang Army listened to him. Why did the young emperor abdicate later? It was not because he had military power in his hands. As long as he had military power in his hands
But Li Zicheng also had military power But then he thought about it, those soldiers were going to Europe, and he suddenly breathed a sigh of relief. After fighting the war situation in Europe for a few years, not to mention the soldiers, even the officers had changed several times. , if the central government makes unified supplements, let alone Li Zicheng's troops, other troops will not become the national army in the end, huh! The country's army is naturally his Yuan Shikai's army, and he, Yuan Shikai, is the President of the Republic of China!
"The way of constitutional government lies in checks and balances. Without checks and balances on power, there is a risk of abuse of power. Use troops to control wealth, and use wealth to control troops. This is the way to balance the government. Without balance in the government, there will be no balance in China! "
While Yuan Shikai was thinking, Liang Qichao suddenly said something befitting his status as a veteran constitutional expert.
¡°This can be said to be China¡¯s unique separation of powers!¡±
"Zhuoru! You can wake up the dreamer with just one word!"
At this moment, Yuan Shikai finally understood what Liang Qichao meant. In the final analysis, what he meant was for his constitutional government. What he was thinking about was nothing more than the checks and balances of constitutional government. However, Liang Qichao understood that for this power, absolute balance does not exist, at least on the surface. But a balance can be found.
If it were in the past, Yuan Shikai would never agree with Liang Qichao's views. But now, in Yuan Shikai's view, the most important thing is to bring Li Zicheng to the capital and put him in the position of Prime Minister. With an appropriate sacrifice of power, that is, he can Tolerance, as for other things, it is better to adjust it slowly in the future.
¡°The five key ministries of foreign affairs, justice, finance, army, and navy are under the presidential office, while the five ministries of education, interior affairs, agriculture and forestry, industry and commerce, and communications are under the jurisdiction of the State Council. On the surface, it seems fair, but in fact there is no way to check and balance power. , wouldn¡¯t this lose the dignity of Asia¡¯s first republic, huh!¡±
Yuan Shikai seemed to have suddenly realized something, and he looked a bit like a prince.
"The national power of this republic needs to be checked and balanced. The State Council uses financial power to check the Presidential Office, so that the Presidential Office cannot be unscrupulous, and the Presidential Office uses military power to check the State Council, so that the State Council cannot be tyrannical. Well, Zhuoru, you are really ours The world's first-class constitutional expert! This??Ah, it will be China's eternal life! "
"I won't dare to do it for thousands of years, but it will help stabilize China's current situation!"
? Then Liang Qichao continued.
"Actually, there is no need to divide the power and responsibilities of the government and Yuan in a rigid manner. For example, the Presidential Office is responsible for foreign affairs, but the State Council has no foreign affairs affairs?"
"this¡¡"
Shen Yin, Yuan Shikai knew that what Liang Qichao said was true, but if there was no division of powers and responsibilities, the future political situation in the capital would be thinking about it, Yuan Shikai raised his head and looked at Liang Qichao, waiting for his next words. Sure enough, , Liang Qichao did not disappoint him, and continued to talk as expected.
¡°A department like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can be under the jurisdiction of the Presidential Palace and managed by the State Council. If necessary, the Presidential Palace can take it back at any time"
His words only made Yuan Shikai feel like a fishing net, getting tighter and tighter. He seemed to realize that if he continued to divide his power like this, he was afraid that his power would continue to be delegated, and he would eventually become a decoration. .
"No, no, foreign affairs are of great concern and cannot be taken lightly. Well, the State Council can set up a director of foreign affairs to handle domestic foreign-related matters and cooperate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to carry out work!"
At this time, when Yuan Shikai said these words, he did not even realize that to a certain extent, he basically agreed with Liang Qichao's suggestion and the diplomatic authority of the State Council.
¡°What the President said is true!¡±
Liang Qichao did not refute it. In fact, for him, he just hoped to use one or two powerful ministers in exchange for Li Zicheng giving up his intention of not dividing. Moreover, Liang Qichao believed that as long as the president announced the powers and responsibilities of his government, Li Zicheng would naturally have no room for blame.
"that¡¡"
Raising his eyes to look at Liang Qichao, Yuan Shikai smiled and then said with a smile.
"Zhuoru, are you willing to take the trouble to go to Lianyungang and have a look!"
"If the president and the country need it, Qichao will go voluntarily!"
Liang Qichao did not put it off, not to mention that he had long wanted to take a look at Lianyungang to see what the "New York of Asia" looked like.
"good!"
Nodding, Yuan Shikai finally breathed a sigh of relief.
"Zhuoru, when you went to Lianyungang to visit Li Zicheng, you told Li Zicheng for me that, well, let him prepare his finances."
When it comes to finance, although he already agrees with Liang Qichao's point of view, Yuan Shikai can't help but feel a twinge of pain.
"List of directors-general of the five ministries of education, agriculture and forestry, industry and commerce, and internal affairs!"
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