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Volume 2: Managing Beiyang Chapter 710: Naval Aviation in the Jet Age

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    Although the performance of the MiG-9 fighter jets of the Nazi Air Force was not as good as the J-11 of the Warsaw Pact, due to the strong strengthening of intelligence control by the German Federation, it was difficult for the agents of the Chinese Empire to obtain the real data of the MiG-9.  As a result, it is difficult for the Chinese Imperial Army to determine the combat effectiveness of mig-9 fighters. In addition, the German Air Force mass-produced mig-9 fighters and quickly equipped them to the air forces of NATO countries. This made the Chinese imperial military believe that mig-9 fighters have already been  It has the ability to fight against J-11a/b series fighters.

    In order to compete with the Nazi Air Force's mig-9 fighters, the Imperial Chinese Air Force approved the development of new fighters and required them to have the advantage of competing for air supremacy within the next ten years.

    After World War II, the Chinese Empire¡¯s sufficient fiscal revenue ensured the accelerated modernization and update of air force equipment.  All major airlines are optimistic about the future development prospects of the jet aircraft field, so they have invested heavily in research and development.  Both world wars ultimately failed to completely defeat Germany, which made them set their sights on the next world war, which was the final decisive battle between the two major military blocs, the Warsaw Pact and NATO.

    After the armaments expansion bill of the Chinese Empire¡¯s military was promulgated, a large-scale arms race between the Chinese Empire and the German Federation also began. Naturally, these aviation giants did not want to miss this feast, so the competition became increasingly fierce.

    In the end, after more than ten rounds of reviews by the Imperial Chinese Air Force Equipment Commission, Jiangnan Heavy Industry Group's wp-15 jet fighter defeated seven other aviation industry giants in the Chinese Empire with its excellent performance and low cost, and was selected into the five-tiered Chinese Imperial Air Force.  List of standard equipment of the decade.

    According to the post-war equipment development regulations of the Chinese Empire, the equipment update rate of the land, sea, air and space armies of the Chinese Empire is once every ten years in peacetime, and is formulated separately according to actual combat needs in wartime.  Therefore, Jiangnan Heavy Industries' wp-15 jet fighter will become the main fighter of the Imperial Chinese Air Force from the 50th year of Guanghua to the 59th year of Guanghua.

    The wp15 was able to break out of the siege and was recognized by the Imperial Chinese Air Force, mainly because the aircraft was equipped with four 20mm cannons.  Over the Air Force's test field, when the WP15 fighter jet engaged in aerial combat with its opponents, its four 20mm cannons defeated the Seed Boxer K-40 fighter from Royal Heavy Industries equipped with six 12.7mm heavy machine guns.

    During the air combat exercise, the 20mm caliber special artillery shell of WP15 caused a fatal blow to the K-40. One or two rounds of this shell can destroy the K-40.  in turn.  The K-40's 12.7mm machine gun hit the WP-15 fighter many times, with the most hitting a total of 133 rounds. However, after the WP-15 landed, the pilots inspected it and surprisingly found that the structure of the WP-15 was still intact. The pilot  It is still safe in theory, and the fighter's protective performance is extremely good. Air Force Command officials who watched the confrontation exercise applauded the aircraft's excellent performance.

    In the final assessment report, the Air Force Committee believed that Delian¡¯s MiG-9 fighter jets had been equipped with 37mm cannons.  It was believed that the K40's 12.7mm heavy machine gun could no longer meet actual combat needs, so the WP15 was adopted.

    After the wp-15 was selected as the main fighter of the Imperial Chinese Air Force in the 1950s, its number in the Imperial Chinese Air Force¡¯s battle sequence was j-15.  It was originally going to be given J-12, but it was abandoned after considering the confusion about the true and false strategies of the Western world.  This will cause the German Air Force to think that the Chinese Empire has completed the research and development of j-12, j-13, and j-14 fighters.  Cause invisible pressure to them.

    As the first post-war jet fighter of the Imperial Chinese Air Force, the J-15 has already supported the needs of frontline allies in order to fight against the German MIG-9. The Imperial Chinese Air Force has accumulated more than 4,000 aircraft, becoming the Imperial Chinese Air Force's most popular aircraft in the 1950s.  main fighter.

    Compared with the J-11 fighter, the J-15 fighter's engine performance has been greatly improved. It uses a WJ65-16a turbine engine with a thrust of 34.3 kN.  Its wingspan is 11.91 meters and its length is 11.07 meters.  The aircraft is 4.24 meters high, adopts a swept-wing layout, and has a speed of 1,100 kilometers per hour.  Its design uses a large amount of magnesium-aluminum alloy materials, has an empty weight of only 5,992 kilograms, and a full fuel range of up to 2,240 kilometers.  It is especially equipped with four 20mm cannons with 1,000 rounds of ammunition, and its firepower is extremely fierce.  The radar system and other electronic warfare systems it carries are much more advanced than the J-11.

    J-15 fighter jets were used to suppress NATO's mig-9 fighters, but in fact, jet fighters including the me350, ju-18, ft-33 and other jet fighters subsequently developed by Delian were no match for the j-15. In the 1950s,  In the local war in the Transcaucasus, the Warsaw Pact's J-15 fighter jet set a world record of shooting down 77 NATO fighter jets, making the J-15 fighter jet an international star in the 1950s. Countries around the world except NATO actively purchased it.  By the time it was discontinued, more than 20,000 aircraft had been exported.  Until the late eighties.  The shadow of this kind of fighter can still be seen in backward African regions.

    At the same time that the J-15 fighter was selected for the Imperial Chinese Air Force, the Royal Heavy Industries Group, which failed in the bidding, handed over another K-14 fighter to the Naval Equipment Committee for testing and passed it, becoming the standard of the Imperial Chinese Naval Aviation in the 1950s.  Carrier-based fighter.

    The K-14 was named F-12 by the Naval Aviation Carrier-Based Fighter Naming Committee, in honor of??The F-6 Wildcat carrier-based fighter aircraft currently in service with the Naval Air Force.

    Compared with the F6 ship-based fighter, the overall performance of the F12 carrier-based fighter has been greatly improved.  The aircraft was developed in the 46th year of Guanghua's reign and was originally numbered k14-ubk.  The prototype flew for the first time in March of Guanghua 47th year, and was officially delivered to the Chinese Imperial Navy two years later.

    The F-12 is the first carrier-based supersonic fighter of the Imperial Chinese Navy.  It broke the speed of sound on its first flight.  It is also the last aircraft designed by the Chinese Empire with cannon as its main weapon, so F-12 pilots often call themselves "the last gunners."

    The F-12 was the main fighter of the Imperial Chinese Navy in the 1950s. Due to its excellent performance, it remained one of the main carrier-based fighters of the Imperial Chinese Navy until the mid-1960s.

    Of course, this is also directly related to the opponent being too weak.  After all, the German Commonwealth countries are very backward in the development of aircraft carriers. They have been using slide take-off technology to replace the embarrassment of their steam ejection technology.  At the same time, jet fighters require a high level of technical content to take off and land on aircraft carriers. The Delian Naval Aviation simply cannot reach that level of technology and equipment support capabilities. Therefore, with limited technology, the Delian Naval Aviation has been using land-based fighter jets.  It only needs to be slightly modified into folding wings and adding a tail hook, which are relatively low-tech and simple, and then Delian's unique naval carrier-based aircraft force can be created.

    As a super naval power, the Chinese Empire has always been a leader in aircraft carrier technology and naval aviation preparation technology. It has the only large-scale comprehensive maritime training center in the world, and most of the naval aviation forces of the Warsaw Pact countries have been trained there.  Steam ejection technology is in a monopoly position, allowing carrier-based jet fighters to take off at short distances. These factors that limit the advancement of naval aviation fighters are not a problem for the Imperial Chinese Navy, which has created a naval aviation aspect.  The German Navy was far behind the Chinese Imperial Navy, forcing the German Navy to make a fuss about other surface ships to surpass the Chinese Imperial Navy.

    Precisely because of these factors, the Chinese Imperial Navy's F12 ship-to-ship battle has always maintained a leading position over the German naval aviation's fighters. Therefore, it is difficult for the Chinese Imperial Cabinet to approve the replacement of new aircraft for the naval aviation.

    ??F12 has been greatly utilized in this environment.  Its main types are: type a.  A total of 318 single-seat day fighter aircraft were produced.  Type B, a limited all-weather version, a total of 130 aircraft were produced.  RF-8A, reconnaissance type, a total of 144 units were produced.  Type C, a modification of Type A, with enhanced air combat capability, a total of 187 aircraft were produced.  d type.  Limited all-weather version, capable of reaching speeds close to twice the speed of sound. A total of 152 aircraft were produced.  Type e, an improved version of type d, a total of 286 aircraft were produced.  F-12e, ordered by the British Navy and the Turkish Navy, with a total of 142 produced.

    In general.  The characteristic of the F12 is the use of variable installation angle wings. During takeoff and landing, the hydraulic self-locking actuator on the aircraft can increase the installation angle of the wings by 7 degrees. This not only increases lift, but also keeps the fuselage basically in line with the flight deck.  Or keep the runway parallel to avoid affecting the pilot's field of vision due to the nose swinging up. During level flight, the wings return to their original position.  in addition.  The outer section of the wing can be folded upward for easy parking on the ship.

    The f-12 has an empty weight of 8170 kg, a normal take-off weight of 13380 kg, a maximum take-off weight of 15420 kg, and an internal fuel capacity of 6300 liters.  As the pride of naval aviation, the F12 can perform aerial refueling.  This has become a dazzling point in the aviation field around the world.  From the day the F12 entered service with the Imperial Chinese Navy, it attracted the attention of navies around the world.

    Of course, f12¡¯s popularity is still supported by its powerful performance.  Its maximum horizontal flight speed is 2,124 kilometers per hour, and its practical ceiling is 17,000 meters.  Since it is a carrier-based fighter, its combat radius cannot be compared with the J15, which is only 370-800 kilometers, and its transition range is only 2,250 kilometers.

    In terms of weapons, Royal Heavy Industries lost to Jiangnan Heavy Industries in the competition for air force orders, so the weapons and equipment of the F12 have also been significantly adjusted.  The nose is equipped with four 20mm cannons, each with 84 rounds of ammunition.  There are two weapon pylons on each side of the fuselage, which can hold 8 rockets. The F-12e produced later added two more pylons, which can carry air-to-air missiles and aerial bombs, with a maximum bomb load of 2,270 kilograms.

    However, although the Imperial Chinese Naval Aviation has advanced F12 ship warfare, this does not mean that the Naval Aviation has always had smooth sailing.

    Due to the harsh training conditions for naval pilots, the risk of fighter aircraft taking off and landing at sea is extremely high.  From the day the Imperial Chinese Naval Aviation was established, sacrifices were indispensable.  Still, casualties in early propeller ship battles were low.  In the era of jet ship warfare, casualties have been on the rise, leading the Navy Command to suspend flight training many times to reduce casualties.

    A total of 1,261 F-12 fighter jets were built by the Imperial Chinese Navy.  When the F-12 fighter jets were withdrawn from active service in the Navy, 1,106 fighter jets had crashed in accidents, and only a small number of them were shot down in wars such as the Mediterranean Campaign, the Black Sea Campaign, and the Gulf Campaign.  Due to engine failure and pilot error?Through weather or bad luck, a large number of F-12s (88%) crashed into the ground, fell into the water or turned into raging fireballs on the flight deck.  This period of aviation history of the Imperial Chinese Navy covers the period from 1947 to 1988.  Until the early 1990s, the crash rate of Imperial Chinese Navy jets was less than once per 100,000 flight hours, making accidents an extremely unusual occurrence.  This is in sharp contrast to the situation in Guanghua 54. The naval aviation (Navy and Marine Corps combined) lost a total of 776 aircraft and 535 crew members in this year, and its crash rate was much higher.  A crash rate of 50 times per 100,000 flight hours.  Moreover, the crash rate of carrier-based tactical aircraft is much higher than this crash rate.

    During this long transformation process, the Imperial Chinese Naval Aviation participated in six major wars and countless crises. Of course, many aircraft and crews were lost to enemy fire.  However, most jet aircraft are damaged in accidents.  In other words, in the twenty or thirty years from the time the F-12 fighter jet entered service to its retirement, a large number of careless crew members lost their lives due to the poor operating performance and maintainability of the aircraft.  In a maritime environment facing many challenges, the pilots of the Imperial Chinese Navy bravely sacrificed their lives and maintained the world hegemony of the Imperial Chinese Navy during the Sino-German Cold War. Their sacrifices made the Imperial Chinese Navy proud and won the support of naval aviation forces from all over the world.  of respect.
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