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Text Chapter 798 Bloody Feud

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    As early as before World War I, after radioactive materials were discovered, some scientists believed that huge energy could be obtained from this material.

    Of course, without theoretical support, the conjectures of experimental physicists cannot become reality at all.

    It¡¯s just that in the process of development of physical theory, experimental evidence is needed.

    After World War I, French physicists Curie and his wife first discovered the decay phenomenon of radioactive substances and discovered barium element in the decay product of radium element.

    ?Obviously, this is a very important discovery.

    It is a pity that the Curies did not continue to explore, or did not make a more significant discovery, which is the ratio of radium to barium, and the difference in atomic weight between the two.

    At this time, a great physicist appeared. This was Einstein, a German Jew who served as a librarian at the University of Berlin in the Second German Empire.  In 1927, Einstein was the first to publish the special theory of relativity, which explained the relationship between mass and energy.

    The problem is that this paper, which could change the face of human civilization, was buried after it was published.

    The reason is very simple. No one believed in the theory proposed by Einstein and thought it was impossible. Even the top physicists at the time believed that matter is matter and energy is energy. There is no relationship between the two.  It is impossible to convert each other.

    It was not until five years later that the emergence of a great female physicist changed this situation.

    This is Meitner, a physicist in the Second German Empire.

    At that time, when Meitner came to the University of Berlin, he had almost nothing.  The economic crisis that has lasted for three years has caused her to lose her job and her source of livelihood.  When she received the offer from the University of Berlin, she was almost penniless, and all she brought to Berlin was a few changes of clothes.  It was under these circumstances that Meitner became a researcher at the Physics Laboratory of the University of Berlin.  Three years later, in 1935, Meitner made a major discovery.  That is to say, the mass of the barium element produced after the decay of the radium element was accurately calculated, and the mass difference of the radium element before and after the decay was discovered.

    This discovery proves the special theory of relativity proposed by Einstein.

    It is also from this time.  Nuclear physics was born and immediately received great attention from the military.

    However, the initial scientific research work did not go smoothly.

    Although with the assistance of Hahn, director of the Physics Laboratory of the University of Berlin, Meitner conducted many experiments.  But the most suitable raw materials have not been found.

    Of course, Meitner¡¯s major discovery not only vindicated the theory of special relativity, but also enabled more scientists to join the study of nuclear matter.

    More importantly, these studies immediately attracted great attention from the military.

    to be honest.  If mass can be converted into energy, and it is very huge energy, then it can be used to make powerful bombs.

    What¡¯s interesting is that it was not the German army that initially invested in this field, but the Chinese side, and it was the Chinese Navy.

    In 1932, after the Sino-Japanese-Korean War, Feng Chengqian used military funding.  A group of talented scientists will be assigned to study abroad.  Among them was Professor Deng Yaxue, who later became the father of the Chinese atomic bomb, and he went to the University of Berlin.

    Five years later, Deng Yaxue and others returned to China after completing their studies.

    During the five years at the University of Berlin, Deng Yaxue¡¯s mentor was Professor Hahn, and he assisted Meitner in nuclear physics experiments for nearly three years.

    After returning to China, Deng Yaxue became China¡¯s leading figure in nuclear physics.

    only.  The scientific research work did not go smoothly. After all, not many people knew what to do next.  No one knows which material is best for nuclear fission.

    Of course, the war breaks out.  Provided the most powerful impetus for the development of nuclear weapons.

    Although before the outbreak of the war, the Second German Empire, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States all had projects to develop nuclear weapons, and even Japan, France, and Red Russia had similar secret military scientific research projects, the scientific research progress in each country was not smooth, and no one  A soldier believes he can build the kind of bomb scientists say is so powerful.  Interestingly, scientists at the time also did not consider nuclear physics to be about creating weapons.

    It was not until the year before the outbreak of the war that Meitner made a major discovery in scientific research.

    This is that, through thousands of experiments, Meitner finally confirmed that the uranium element in nature, and the isotope with an atomic weight of 235, is most suitable for continuous nuclear fission, which is also a chain nuclear reaction, and??No other natural substance is suitable for chain nuclear fission.

    This discovery can be said to be a very remarkable progress.

    Interestingly, the Second German Empire did not pay attention to this and even allowed Meitner to publish relevant papers in publicly available scientific journals.

    To put it bluntly, this is to let scientists around the world know what to do next.

    ¡°It¡¯s just that refining uranium is a very troublesome task, and extracting the isotopes that only account for 0.4% of the total amount is even more troublesome.

    These difficulties made the development of nuclear weapons proceed very slowly during the war.

    It was not until 1943 that the Second German Reich built its first experimental nuclear reactor.

    ????Interestingly, this is not the world¡¯s first nuclear reactor.  At the end of 1942, the United States built its first experimental nuclear reactor in the desert of New Mexico, while Chinese physicists built its first reactor in the Gobi Desert of Gansu in early 1943.  .

    After this, experimental exploration work in nuclear physics accelerated across the board.

    Around the end of 1945, Chinese and American scientists made a major discovery almost at the same time. That is, when uranium undergoes nuclear fission, part of the uranium-238 will absorb a neutron and transform into a substance that is not found in nature.  elements exist, and this element is a more ideal raw material for nuclear fission.

    It was at this time that scientists from various countries embarked on different research directions.

    Because the research on uranium was more in-depth, scientists of the Second German Empire focused on uranium and tried every means to purify it.  Chinese scientists focused on plutonium, which is the transformation product of uranium-238 after absorbing a neutron.  American scientists receive the strongest funding and have sufficient human resources, so they conduct research in two directions at the same time.

    It can be said that, given the circumstances at the time, the United States was expected to be the first to produce nuclear weapons.

    The problem is that the research work of American scientists is not going smoothly.  Especially after 1947, as the Chinese troops invaded New Mexico, the United States was forced to move the Alamos Laboratory to the Northeast, resulting in a lull in scientific research for nearly a year.  If this year had not been delayed, the United States would probably have produced the first practical atomic bomb in early 1948.  Of course, the main reason for the slow development of nuclear weapons in the United States was the continuous disastrous defeats of the US military during the war.  That is, in order not to lose the war quickly, the US military must concentrate its strength and resources on solving pressing problems in reality, so it is impossible to invest too much money in scientific research.  In fact, starting in 1944, the US military's investment in nuclear weapons began to decrease.

    According to information obtained by the Chinese Army after occupying New Mexico, by 1947, the research investment received by the Alamos Laboratory had dropped to 20% of that in 1943, which was lower than the actual level.  The minimum requirement is about 60 percent less.

    ¡°Obviously, if there was enough investment, the U.S. atomic bomb would have been launched long ago.

    The problem is that China¡¯s investment in this area is not sufficient.

    What's even more terrible is that making plutonium bombs is much more difficult than making uranium bombs. Among other things, plutonium is a product of breeder nuclear reactors, so it is necessary to build a nuclear reactor that must be cooled by heavy water, and heavy water must be produced.  It requires a lot of power and a lot of time.  You know, during the war, the unit production price of heavy water was equivalent to the same quality of gold.

    It can be said that the second German Reich was the most promising at that time to create an atomic bomb.

    In 1946, engineers in the Second German Reich came close to building the world¡¯s first atomic bomb.  Unfortunately, during the experiment, a flaw in a small component caused the test explosion to completely fail, and as a result, the Imperial Army lost confidence in the scientists.  In fact, the design of this gun-type atomic bomb is completely correct. If a second experiment can be conducted, the probability of success is very high.  Of course, there were other reasons why the imperial government stopped funding nuclear weapons research at this time.  The main thing is that Britain has been defeated, and the defeat of the United States is only a matter of time. Atomic bombs are not needed to achieve final victory.  More importantly, the empire's economic situation is already very bad, and there is no extra funds to develop nuclear weapons.

    ¡°In the final analysis, there is still a serious lack of understanding of nuclear weapons.

    By 1948, the imperialist side had also fired many scientists who were engaged in the development of nuclear weapons and asked them to return to teach in universities. Some of them lost their jobs as a result.

    ?Obviously, this is very stupid behavior.

    At that time, Feng Chengqian clearly told Gu Zhutong that he must pass??The arms trade put pressure on the Second German Empire to agree to conduct more in-depth research in the field of science and technology, and then based on this, try to win over the nuclear physicists of the Second German Empire as much as possible.  If possible, they must be allowed to continue research in China, and China will not only provide them with a better scientific research environment, but also higher treatment.

    Of course, the premise is that the authorities of the Second German Reich agree to engage in deeper cooperation in the field of science.

    Only in this way can these scientists from the Second German Empire be allowed to work in China.

    Of course, China needs more than just scientists from the Second German Reich.

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