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Chapter 230

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    [1] "Great Learning" Confucianism

    Once, Emperor Shizu, Kublai Khan, asked Zhao Mengfu about politics.

    During the interval, Zhao Mengfu carefully asked: "Your Majesty, can the imperial examination system be restored?"

    The emperor glanced at Zhao Mengfu and said, "Is there any benefit in restoring the imperial examination system?"

    "Nowadays, there are many students and Confucian scholars who have nothing to do all day long, living in Goulan Washe, and earning a living by writing songs and filling in lyrics; some simply abandon Confucianism and start business" Zhao Mengfu had an insight into the emperor  Looking at the expression on his face, he continued, "If the imperial examination can be restored and those elites can enter Xiaochen and serve the court, wouldn't it be"

    The emperor interrupted Zhao Mengfu and said: "People who value pleasure and money are not suitable to enter the court. Once such a person enters the court, he will amass wealth and enjoy the corrupt life he pursues to the fullest."  .¡±

    "But now children don't go to school anymore, what should I do if this continues?"

    "Children don't go to school, of course it's not okay! You, Jixianyuan, think about it and set up a 'social school' in each community [referring to the rural and urban communities established in 1270], so that children must go to school."

    "The key is that the common people are unwilling to spend this wronged money."

    "Oh," the emperor asked again, "if the free school is established, will the common people actively participate?"

    "It's free, so naturally more people go to school. It's just our finances, can we afford it?"

    "I think of a way to do this, but you must let the children understand that going to school is not for the imperial examination."

    Zhao Mengfu was speechless, and thought to himself: If there is no imperial examination, what is the use of going to school?

    Seeing Zhao Mengfu's bewildered face, the emperor said: "There is a Confucian classic in your Confucianism called 'cultivating one's morality and cultivating one's character, governing one's family and governing the country', right?"

    "Yes, this word comes from "University"."

    "How did you say the original words?"

    Zhao Meng stooped and recited the original text:

    In ancient times, those who wished to manifest their virtues in the world,

    ? To rule the country first, and those who want to rule the country,

    ?First organize their families, those who want to arrange their families,

    ? Cultivate your body first, and those who want to cultivate your body,

    First rectify one's heart, those who want to rectify one's heart,

    ? To be sincere first, to be sincere,

    ? First extend your knowledge, and extend your knowledge in the investigation of things.

    ?Learn things and then know them, know them and then be sincere,

    If you are sincere, then your heart is upright; if your heart is upright, then you cultivate your body.

    After self-cultivation, the family is well-off, and the family is well-off, then the country is governed,

    After the country is governed, the world will be peaceful.

    The emperor said again: "Please tell me the second half of this passage."

    Zhao Mengfu explained: "If you want to 'cultivate yourself and govern your family,' you must first acquire enough knowledge. The way to acquire knowledge is to recognize and study everything. With knowledge, you can help Dazong manage the fief well.  The home is the epitome of a vassal state, and those who run their homes well can certainly manage the country well. A person who can manage his own country well, then he will certainly be able to assist the emperor to make the world full of harmony and peace.¡±

    "So, what we have to do now is to let those children learn the knowledge first. What do they do when they have the knowledge? Let's live a good life at home first. How to live a good life at home? That is to solve food and clothing first, how to solve  What about the problem of food and clothing? Can 'Zhihu Zhe Ye' solve the problem of food?"

    "No!" Zhao Mengfu catered.

    "You are a direct bachelor of Jixian Academy, and you are in charge of our education. Can you be more flexible and let the children learn something useful? Don't focus on those "Four Books and Five Classics"" Seeing that Zhao Mengfu was even more confused, the emperor said  For example, "You can transfer "Book of Changes" and change it to "Nongsang" and "Chinese Medicine". Wouldn't it be better?"

    "But "Book of Changes" is the source of all classics!"

    "Because it is the source of all scriptures, it is very profound! How can you let those children and students understand it? It is better to leave it to professionals to study. Think again, our Great Yuan Dynasty has a vast land and resources, why are we still  Don¡¯t you have enough to eat? Isn¡¯t it just that there is a problem in farming, you let the students learn some ¡®farming and mulberry¡¯, learn to harvest more grain and produce more silkworms, this is a good way to solve food and clothing.¡±

    "Everyone learns from Nongsang?"

    "Medical medicine has been abandoned for a long time, and there are no teachers and friends for the backward. What I am afraid of is that in the future, the imperial court will choose people, all of whom are learned from their own teachings! In the past, it will cause great harm. Have you ever thought about it?"

    Zhao Mengfu echoed.

    "Your ancestors, the Song Dynasty, only valued culture and only the imperial examinations. There is a saying, 'Ten years to cultivate a hundred years to cultivate people'. In your Song Dynasty for more than 300 years, except for Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others.?, Jiangxi Sociology has achieved another great development.

    In the early Qing Dynasty, the imperial court followed the old system of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and ordered the prefectures, prefectures, and counties of each province to set up social schools, one in each township, and select those who "know the meaning of the text and have a sincere friendship" as social teachers.  All children from nearby villages, aged 12 or above and below 20 years old, who aspire to study literature, can enroll in school, and those who enroll can be exempted from official duties.  By the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), there were 278 social studies in Jiangxi Province.  By the end of the Qing Dynasty, sociology gradually disappeared and was replaced by new schools.

    During the Ming and Qing dynasties, sociology became the form of public schools in rural areas, with the nature of free schools, and most of them were set up in local Confucian temples.  Sociology has always been a local cultural and educational institution serving feudal rule, but after the outbreak of the Opium War, the people of Guangdong also used it as an organization to resist imperialist aggression.  (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com
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