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Volume 4 The Dragon Raises its Head Chapter 25 Key Technologies

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    "So where is the key technology of this smart grid?" Gao Wenxin asked seriously.  Fu Xin nodded and replied, "I think there are five main aspects." "Oh?" Gao Wenxin looked very interested and asked, "What five major aspects? Let's talk about it." Fu Xin didn't want to hide anything.  meaning, he replied: "They are high-speed two-way communication systems, parameter measurement technology, equipment, advanced control technology and decision support technology." "Continue to talk about it carefully!" As Gao Wenxin's voice fell, this small meeting  Everyone in the room pricked up their ears, waiting for Fu Xin's explanation.  "Let's talk about the two-way communication system first. Establishing a high-speed, two-way, real-time, integrated communication system is the basis for realizing a smart grid. Without such a communication system, any smart grid characteristics cannot be realized, because the data acquisition,  Both protection and control require the support of such a communication system, so establishing such a communication system is the first step towards a smart grid. At the same time, the communication system must be as deep as the power grid and penetrate into thousands of households, thus forming two closely linked systems.  Network - power grid and communication network. Only in this way can the goals and main characteristics of the smart grid be realized. The relationship between the power grid and the communication network is that the high-speed, two-way, real-time, integrated communication system makes the smart grid a dynamic, real-time exchange of information and power.  Interactive large-scale infrastructure. When such a communication system is built, it can improve the power supply reliability and asset utilization of the power grid, prosper the power market, and resist attacks on the power grid, thereby increasing the value of the power grid.  Smart grid can realize its most important feature, self-healing feature, through continuous self-monitoring and correction, and it can also monitor various disturbances, redistribute power flow, and avoid the expansion of accidents.  The two-way communication system allows various intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), smart meters, control centers, power electronic controllers, protection systems and users to communicate in a network, improving the ability to control the power grid and the level of quality services.  There are two main aspects of technology in this technical field that need to be focused on. One is the open communication architecture, which forms a 'plug and play' environment and enables networked communication between grid components; The other is  A unified technical standard that enables seamless communication between all sensors, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and application systems, that is, information can be fully understood between all these devices and systems, realizing equipment and equipment  Interoperability between devices, between devices and systems, and between systems requires the full cooperation of power departments, equipment manufacturing companies, and standard-setting institutions to achieve interconnection and interoperability of communication systems. " "This is intelligence.  A high-speed two-way communication system, one of the five key technologies of the power grid?" Gao Wenxin asked thoughtfully.  Fu Xin nodded unequivocally and clearly told Gao Wenxin and others that this was a brief description of the high-speed two-way communication system, one of the five key technologies of smart grid.  "Then continue talking about parameter measurement technology." Gao Wenxin said with a frown. Obviously, he had not digested the high-speed two-way communication system just now.  Although Fu Xin saw Gao Wenxin's situation, he didn't wait on purpose. It would take time to digest these advanced things.  Fu Xin continued: "Parameter measurement technology is a basic component of the smart grid. Advanced parameter measurement technology obtains data and converts it into data information for use in all aspects of the smart grid. They evaluate the health of grid equipment  and the integrity of the grid, reading meters, eliminating electricity bill estimates, preventing electricity theft, mitigating grid congestion, and communicating with users. According to my calculations, the future smart grid will eliminate all electromagnetic meters and their readings.  The system will be replaced by smart solid-state meters that enable two-way communication between the power department and users. Microprocessor-based smart meters will have more functions. In addition to measuring electricity usage and electricity bills at different times of the day, they can also  It stores peak power price signals and electricity rates issued by the power department, and notifies users of what rate policy to implement. The more advanced function allows users to prepare schedules based on rate policies and automatically control the user's internal power usage strategy.  . For the power sector, parameter measurement technology provides more data support to power system operators and planners, including power factor, power quality, phase relationship (WAMS), equipment health and capability, meter damage,  Data such as fault location, transformer and line loads, temperatures of key components, outage confirmation, power consumption and forecasting.bsp; The new software system will collect, store, analyze and process this data for use by other operations in the power sector.  In the future, digital protection embedded in computer agents will greatly improve reliability.  A computer agent is an autonomous and interactive adaptive software module.  Wide area monitoring systems, protection and control solutions will integrate digital protection, advanced communications technology and computer agents.  In such an integrated and distributed protection system, protection elements can adaptively communicate with each other. Such flexibility and adaptability will greatly improve reliability, because even if part of the system fails, others with computer agents  The program's protective components can still protect the system.  " "Then there's the equipment.  "Fu Xin saw that neither of the two big guys raised any questions. They were both digesting what he said carefully, and they did not stop him from saying anything. So Fu Xin continued directly: "Smart grid must widely use advanced equipment and technology.  Greatly improve the performance of power transmission and distribution systems.  The equipment in the future smart grid will fully apply the latest research results in materials, superconductivity, energy storage, power electronics and microelectronics technology, thereby improving power density, power supply reliability and power quality, and the efficiency of power production.  In the future, smart grids will mainly apply advanced technologies in three aspects: power electronics technology, superconducting technology and large-capacity energy storage technology.  Improve power quality by adopting new technologies and finding the best balance between grid and load characteristics.  By applying and transforming a variety of advanced equipment, such as equipment based on power electronics technology and new conductor technology, we can improve the transmission capacity and reliability of the power grid.  Many new energy storage devices and power supplies must be introduced into the power distribution system, and new network structures must be utilized, such as microgrids.  Economical FACTS devices will utilize low-cost power semiconductor devices that are more controllable than existing semiconductor devices, allowing these advanced devices to be widely deployed.  Distributed power generation will be widely used, with multiple units connected through communication systems to form a dispatchable virtual power plant.  Superconducting technology will be used in short-circuit current limiters, energy storage, low-loss rotating equipment and low-loss cables.  Advanced metering and communication technologies will make demand response applications possible.  "(To be continued. 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