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Volume 4 The Dragon Heads Up Chapter 19 TCP/IP Protocol

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    "Triple network integration, conceptually analyzed from different angles and levels, can involve technology integration, business integration, industry integration, terminal integration and network integration." Fu Xin sat in the conference room, facing Zhou Zhengming and Gao Wenxin  , talk freely.  "The integration of three networks into one mainly requires the use of the following technologies: First, basic digital technology. The rapid development and comprehensive adoption of digital technology enables telephone, data and image signals to be transmitted and exchanged through unified coding, and all services are carried out on the network  All services will become a unified "0" or "1" bit stream in the digital network, thus making voice, data, audio and video services available regardless of their characteristics.  Content can be transmitted, exchanged, routed, processed and provided through different networks, and stored or presented to people in a visual or auditory way. Second, the main body of broadband technology is optical fiber communication technology.  . One of the purposes of network convergence is to provide unified services through a network. To provide unified services, a network platform must be able to support the transmission of various multimedia or streaming media services. The characteristics of these services are business requirements.  The data volume is large and the service quality requirements are high, so a very large bandwidth is generally required for transmission. In addition, from an economic point of view, the cost should not be too high. In this way, large-capacity optical fibers with huge capacity and sustainable development are needed.  Communication technology has become the best choice for transmission media. The development of broadband technology, especially optical communication technology, provides the necessary bandwidth, transmission quality and low cost for transmitting various business information. Experts in the United States have predicted that optical communication technology will  It has become the pillar technology in the contemporary communications field. Optical communications technology is now growing at a rate of one hundred times every decade. The optical fiber transmission network with huge capacity is the ideal transmission platform for the "three networks" and the main physical carrier of the future information highway.  . The third is software technology. Software technology is the nervous system of information dissemination networks. The development of software technology enables the three major networks and their terminals to ultimately support the features, functions and services required by various users through software changes.  It will become a highly intelligent and software-based product. After the IP technology content is digitized, it cannot be directly carried on the communication network medium. A bridge between the content and the transmission medium needs to be built through IP technology.  It meets the need to establish a simple and unified mapping between multiple physical media and diverse application requirements, and can smoothly integrate, synthesize, and unify multiple business data, multiple software and hardware environments, and multiple communication protocols.  Comprehensive scheduling and management of network resources enables various IP-based services to interoperate on different networks. The widespread adoption of IP protocols enables various IP-based services to be implemented on different networks.  Interoperability, the specific underlying network is no longer relevant. The development of optical communication technology provides the necessary bandwidth and high-quality transmission for comprehensive transmission of various business information, making it an ideal platform for the three network services.  The network and its terminals undergo software changes to ultimately support the features, functions and services required by various users.  The widespread adoption of the unified TCP/IP protocol will enable various IP-based services to interoperate on different networks.  For the first time, mankind has a unified communication protocol that can be accepted by the three major networks, which technically lays the solid foundation for the integration of the three networks.  " "What is TCP/IP protocol?  "Zhou Zhengming asked with great interest. Fu Xin replied after thinking: "TCP/IP protocol is the abbreviation of Transmission_Control_Protocol/Internet_Protocol. The Chinese translation is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as the network communication protocol, which is the most basic of the Internet.  Protocol, the basis of the Internet, is composed of the IP protocol at the network layer and the TCP protocol at the transport layer.  This TCP/IP protocol has not been around for a long time, and it should not have been introduced into our country yet.  The TCP/IP protocol originated in the United States. Before it, there was the existence of ARPA. However, at the beginning of ARPA's operation, there were not many computers that were interconnected through interface signal processors.  Most computers are incompatible with each other.  Work done on one computer is difficult to use on another computer. There are also many difficulties in trying to connect computers with different hardware and software to the Internet.  The situation in the United States at that time was that the computers used by the Army were DEC series products, the computers used by the Navy were machines from Honeywell that won the bid, and the Air Force used computers that won the bid by IBM. The computers of each service were running well in their respective departments, but they were  There is a big drawback, that is, resources cannot be shared.  At that time, scientists proposed the idea that all computers were created equal.  In order to make these people who are born equalIf computers can realize resource sharing, they must establish a standard based on the standards of these systems that everyone must abide by. Only in this way can different computers "negotiate" according to certain rules, and can "shake hands" after the negotiation.  '.  ¡°In the process of determining the ¡®rules of negotiation¡¯ between computers on today¡¯s Internet, the most important figure is the American scientist Joseph.  It is his efforts that enable today's various computers to be connected to the Internet in accordance with protocols.  Cerf also received the same reputation as the father of the Internet, Kleinrock, as the "Father of the Internet."  Since childhood, Joseph has liked to be unconventional, strong and passionate.  When he was in middle school, he was allowed to use the computers at UCLA. He believed that "programming computers is a very exciting thing. As long as you program the computer well, you can make the computer do anything."  ' In 1965, Joseph graduated from Stanford University and worked as a systems engineer at an IBM company. Not long after working, he felt that his knowledge was not enough, so he went to the University of California, Los Angeles to study for a doctorate. At that time, Apa  With the establishment of the Internet, the research and testing of the 'Interface Signal Processor' (IMP) and the establishment of the Network Evaluation Center, Joseph also became a student of the famous scientist Kleinrock.  Joseph and three other young people, Winfield, Crocker and Braden, participated in the connection of the first node of the ARPANET.  Shortly thereafter, Bob Kahn, who had a strong ability to judge the development of various situations at work at BBN Company and was recognized as having made a huge contribution to the establishment of ARPANET, also came to UCLA.  During those days, Kahn would often suggest what software was needed, and Cerf would work up all night to compile the software that met the requirements, and then they would test the software together until it could run normally.  The main structure at that time was as follows: Roberts proposed network ideas to design network layout, Kahn designed the overall structure of ARPANET, Kleinrock was responsible for the network evaluation system, and many scientists and graduate students participated in research and experiments.  After the ARPANET was born and put into operation in September 1969, it was discovered that when connecting each IMP, it was necessary to consider using signals recognized by various computers to open the communication channel, and to close the channel after the data passed through. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Otherwise these IMPs won¡¯t know when to receive the signal and when to end it. This is what we call the concept of communication ¡°protocol¡±.  The initial communication protocol "Network Control Protocol" (NCP) developed by Kahn and participated by Joseph was formulated in December 1970. However, it was not easy to truly establish a common standard. In October 1972  After the International Computer Communications Conference, scientists are working hard on this.  ¡®Packet switching¡¯ theory provides a theoretical basis for the connection between networks.  Based on his own research, Kahn realized that only by deeply understanding the details of various operating systems can he establish a protocol that is universal to various operating systems. In 1973, Kahn asked Joseph to consider the details of this protocol.  The result of their cooperation was the TCP/IP protocol that is used by all netizens and network administrators under the open system.  In layman¡¯s terms, TCP is responsible for discovering transmission problems and sending out a signal whenever there is a problem, requiring retransmission until all data is safely and correctly transmitted to the destination.  IP assigns an address to every computer on the Internet.  In December 1974, Kahn and Joseph's first detailed description of the TCP protocol was officially published.  At that time, the U.S. Department of Defense signed an agreement with three groups of scientists to complete TCP/IP. As a result, the group led by Joseph was the first to develop a detailed definition of the TCP/IP protocol standard.  An experiment was conducted at that time, in which the information packets were transmitted through a point-to-point satellite network, then through land cables, then through satellite networks, and then by ground transmission, throughout Europe and the United States, and through various computer systems, the entire 94,000-kilometer journey was not lost.  One data bit, reliable data transmission over long distances proves the success of the TCP/IP protocol.  On January 1, 1983, NCP, which had been used for a long time by people, was stopped. The TCP/IP protocol, as a common protocol among all hosts on the Internet, has since been regarded as a rule that must be followed.  Affirmation and application.  Unfortunately, our country has not yet connected to the Internet. It is normal that the TCP/IP protocol is not known to our country. However, this situation has also led to our country not being able to take the lead on the Internet, but still lagging behind.  , Alas The gap between our country and foreign countries is really too big!  "Fu Xin sighed helplessly. He had no way to change this situation. He was alone and weak, and he was powerless! Without the support of the country, he simply couldn't do it alone! "Minister Gao, this is  What do you think about this matter?  "Zhou Zhengming kicked the ball to Gao Wen.??'s feet.  Gao Wenxin was not in the mood to play tricks or fight with Zhou Zhengming at this time. He thought carefully, looked at Fu Xin and said, "Comrade Fu Xin, please continue." (To be continued. Please search Piaotian Literature  , the novel is better and updated faster!)
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