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Text Section 195 The Problem of Prisoners of War

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    The successive defeats of Italy and the British army greatly inspired the people's hearts and minds, and almost national sentiments soared into the sky in an instant.  But the people can ignore the aftermath and just enjoy the joy of victory, but the government cannot.  And we must deal with it carefully, because it is easy to inspire the morale of the people. If we do not respond well, we will be hit back, and there will be nowhere to shed tears.  It is impossible to unite the provinces. China cannot fight Italy and the British forever. Between countries, there are always more times of peace than war.  But how can we make these two Western countries, the proud and arrogant Western countries, the Western countries that think they are arrogant to the great powers, swallow the bitter fruit of failure and accept the fate of shrinking power?  Zhao Zeyong wants to negotiate. Neither country has recognized the revolutionary government, let alone the federal province. If they don't recognize the federal province, they have no equal status and cannot sit at the negotiating table as equals.  So Britain and Italy contacted Beiyang and put pressure on the revolutionary government, but they were unwilling to sit at the negotiating table with the United Provinces.  It is nominally a matter of legal procedure, but in fact it is not a matter of face.  They also successively sent messages to the United Provinces through other countries, saying that as long as the United Provinces were willing to release the prisoners of the two countries and protect the interests of the two countries, the two countries were willing to recognize the political status of the United Provinces.  Recognition of status has gradually developed into a diplomatic trump card in the hands of Westerners. For a new government, whether to recognize status has become a crucial issue. If it is not recognized, it is not legal.  of.  But to the Chinese, this is simply nonsense. China has always been a winner-takes-all society. Whoever wins has the final say, and there is no question of who recognizes whom.  But it is wrong to say that the Chinese people do not have any such modern political consciousness in their hearts. Once a political power is established, how can we prove that this political power is legal? How can we prove that this political power is legitimate? The Chinese people have their own consistent cognition and tradition.  .  ??In ancient times.  That is, whoever conquers the Central Plains conquers the world. Whoever occupies the ancient imperial capitals of Luoyang and Chang'an is qualified to be emperor. However, separatist regimes in other places can only be crowned kings. Even if they try to be equal to you, they will not gain public opinion.  recognized.  Literati and celebrities only recognize the person who sits on the dragon throne in the palace of Luoyang or Chang'an.  Therefore, for a long, long time, only the countries with their capitals in the north were orthodox. Among the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, only the countries with their capitals here in Heluo were designated as dynasties, while other countries could only be the Ten Kingdoms.  It¡¯s just one country in China, such as many countries in the south.  Like the Later Tang Dynasty, they were actually powerful countries at the time and existed for a longer period of time, but they did not have the same historical status as the short-lived dynasties of one generation or two in the north.  Until the Eastern Jin Dynasty moved south, not only the emperor, but also the scholar-bureaucrats who controlled public opinion went south.  So they could only revise this public opinion and no longer regard the Central Plains as the only orthodox symbol, but began to pay more attention to other symbols, such as clan, bloodline, and national jade seals.  The same was true in the Southern Song Dynasty, and due to the high cultural status of the Southern Song Dynasty, the southern gentry could dominate the discourse, so they began to whitewash the Southern Song Dynasty as orthodox.  It was at this time that the story of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms began to take shape. People began to recognize the peaceful Liu Bei regime of the Han Dynasty, but denied the Cao Wei regime that vilified the Central Plains. This proved that the concept of region began to weaken.  But the Chinese people have weakened the concept of regional orthodoxy. It has not completely disappeared. It is just that the concept of the north as orthodox has gradually weakened, or it has expanded.  The Chinese people still believe that whoever owns the world is orthodox, and regard the entire world as just one big Central Plains.  Moreover, the worldview began to move beyond China, and the surrounding small countries must accept the canonization of the Chinese emperor.  Otherwise, it would be unfair to gain the country. This is equivalent to the fact that only countries recognized by China are legitimate political powers. It is different from the Western way of recognizing status. The right to speak is only in the hands of the Chinese emperor.  Therefore, the dynasties after the Song Dynasty were no longer limited to establishing capitals in the Central Plains. The Yuan Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, the Ming Dynasty established its capital in Nanjing, and later moved to Beijing. The Qing Dynasty directly inherited Beijing. This is because of the weakening of the Central Plains consciousness, or in other words  The consciousness of the Central Plains has been generalized, and the concept of the Little Central Plains has become the Great Central Plains. The Central Plains is everywhere in China, and a capital can be built anywhere in the country.  ¡°But because of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the way to gain power was through force.  Of course, before the Song Dynasty, it mainly relied on force, but there were other things involved, such as inheritance and inheritance of legal traditions.  Needless to say, Qin's title and power were all conferred by the Emperor of Zhou.  The name of the Han Dynasty comes from the overlord of Chu who canonized Liu Bang as the King of Han.  During the Three Kingdoms period, the Cao family was a Marquis of Wei conferred by the Han Emperor, and the Sun family was a Marquis of Wu.  The title of the Tang Dynasty came from the title of Tang Guogong Li Yuan.  Song comes from the official name of Zhao Kuangyin, the military governor of Songzhou.  It can be said that from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, China's power changes all had a clear concept of inheritance.  Until the Yuan Dynasty, the name of the country Yuan was chosen by the Mongols themselves from ancient books. At this point, the change of power no longer had the shadow of inheritance from the previous dynasty, and it became purely the supremacy of force.  Therefore, power has become the only way of recognition. Whoever has the strength is the emperor, and you have the final say in the world.  Only you recognize others' share, no one else recognizes your share.  This is the consistent tradition of the Chinese people¡¯s China-centered thinking.  Of course, China¡¯s natural environment??It is also necessary to have a legal and reasonable consciousness, but no country is qualified to give recognition and confirmation to the Chinese regime. Therefore, the Chinese emperor turns to heaven for help. Whenever the emperor succeeds to the throne, he prays to heaven and earth for sacrifices. The emperor, the emperor, is  God approves.  In modern times, China was completely suppressed by the great powers, and was suppressed in all aspects. From politics, economy, to proud culture, it was severely suppressed and destroyed.  In the past, would the Chinese care about the recognition of small countries? When China's new emperor succeeds to the throne, the small country sends people only to congratulate him. Who dares to point fingers and say, "I recognize you, I do not recognize you", then this small country  Destruction is not far away.  But in the Republic of China, governments from all walks of life were striving for recognition from the great powers. If the great powers did not recognize it, then the government would be illegal and unable to exercise power internationally.  How sad is this? When did the Great Celestial Empire fall to this point? It needs the recognition of others to gain power.  This state lasted until the Republic of China in later generations. At that time, you were still striving for recognition from other countries. On a large scale, you were striving for other countries to recognize your legitimacy and your market position. On a smaller scale, you were asking foreign certification agencies to verify your own certification.  Enterprises need to be certified, such as 9000 certification, osars certification, etc.  It seems that without the recognition of Westerners, Chinese people feel uneasy.  This mentality, from the official to the private sector, seems to confirm what Gu Hongming said, it is easy to remove the braids on the head, but it is difficult to remove the braids in the heart.  Zhao Zeyong came to the Republic of China from modern times. He understands the culture of both eras. This proves that he has a thorough understanding of these issues, which needs to be recognized by other countries.  This is the political model of Westerners, and they go their own way. Even if it is the political model of the Great Celestial Empire, due to the power of Westerners, all post-modern international behavioral models are based on Westerners¡¯ methods, but this method is not suitable for  China has caused endless harm, and Zhao Zeyong decided not to play by the foreigners' tricks.  You don¡¯t approve of me.  Brother, I still don¡¯t agree with you.  I will teach you the Chinese way, that is, whoever has the bigger fist has the final say.  Although your fists are indeed a little bigger than brother's now, you can't beat him in China and on his territory. That means that at least in his sphere of influence, he still has more power, so he has to have the final say.  What do you admit and what do you not admit?  It's all bullshit. If you admit it, I can become an immortal. If you don't admit it, I will no longer be a human being. Don't bother to care.  So Zhao Zeyong, who holds tens of thousands of prisoners, simply doesn't want to negotiate with me, and I won't let you negotiate either.  Consume.  Let¡¯s see who can outlast whom in dog days.  In the ambush of British warships and troop transports in Qizhou, a brigade of the British army was destroyed, two thousand people were killed and drowned, and a thousand people were made prisoners.  In the battle of Ruichang, Tang Yuzong destroyed a British division of 6,000 people and captured 4,000.  In Anqing, Li Zongren surrendered a brigade of British troops.  Jiujiang.  Tang Yu attacked the defenseless Jiujiang City and captured 50,000 British soldiers.  Gu Pinzhen accepted the surrender of more than 20,000 Italians. ? Nearly 150,000 British and Italian troops have been deployed on the Chinese battlefield.  In the end, nearly 80,000 people were captured, and most of the remaining troops were annihilated.  The 80,000 prisoners held in his hand are Zhao Zeyong¡¯s biggest trump card.  Don't be afraid that foreigners won't come to negotiate with you. Even if they don't come, 80,000 people are still 80,000 strong laborers. You won't suffer any loss if you raise them. It will definitely be more profitable than raising pigs.  So as soon as there were prisoners, they were immediately sent to build railways, roads, and airports.  Many airports along the Yangtze River were built by prisoners, and then planes took off from here to attack their comrades.  In the railway construction in Hunan and the reconstruction of the railway from Wuhan to Changsha, prisoners also participated on a large scale.  " Being a prisoner in China for a day actually has only advantages and no disadvantages for Zhao Zeyong. Railways and roads can be built more cheaply, and free labor can be legitimately used.  This point is that both Britain and Italy are blameless. International conventions stipulate that prisoners cannot be tortured or killed, but it also stipulates that prisoners can be required to work and exchange labor for their food.  Therefore, it is only natural for me to mention Guishi and give you dry goods.  What if the captives are lazy? Uncooperative? What should I do? Aren¡¯t you simple? International conventions stipulate this, but who will supervise it? Even if the provinces implement the convention, there are loopholes in any legal provisions, and prisoners of war have walked in  What kind of dignity and guarantees do the prisoner-of-war camps expect? This is nonsense. There are a hundred ways to tell them that prisoners of war have no human rights.  There is no need for the Allied Provincial Army to take action themselves, the Indian soldiers are very good supervisors.  The British and Italian prisoners were only given labor tools to work, while the Indians were given whips and were only responsible for supervising the work.  If the project quantity is specified and cannot be completed with quality and quantity, the Indian supervisors will have no food because they have not completed the supervisor's work and there is no labor, so there is no food.  As a result, the hatred of the country and the family was coupled with the needs of the people, and the Indians were whipping the whip very hard.  If this still can't make the British and Italian prisoners work honestly, there are other more ways. For those veteran ruffians, lazy guys who would rather take a whip than do anything, the best way is to take them into the mountains without beating them.  Don't scold them, just declare them free.  Jackals, tigers and leopards in the mountains are very welcome.These tall and strong white people are strong enough to make a good meal.  ¡°So, having prisoners in the United Provinces is not a problem at all, and we just want to stay longer.  However, Britain and Italy could not allow their prisoners to work as laborers in China. They had only two choices, one to continue the war and the other to seek peace.  If there is a war, how many more people can be sent? Anyway, the British feel that if they send 100,000 people to China, they are afraid that there will be chaos in the country.  Italy, as for Italy, has grown dissatisfied with the British at this time. I am kind enough to come to your rescue, but our tens of thousands of troops have been fooled by you for nothing.  I'm too lazy to play with you anymore.  We can¡¯t let the prisoners be manipulated by the federal provinces, and we can¡¯t bear the shame of coming to seek peace. We can¡¯t let go of the dignity of sitting at the negotiation table with a local warlord in China as a great power. We can only place our hope in the mediation of the great powers, through the Americans and the French.  People, and even sent a message to Zhao Zeyong through the Japanese, hoping that he would release the prisoners and express that he could recognize Zhao Zeyong's special political status.  For Zhao Zeyong, he doesn't want to negotiate with me, but he also wants me to let him go, implying that I can recognize my status. Hum, I don't need your recognition. If you like to admit it, if you don't admit it, I will make the decision. I have the final say in my territory.  I have the final say in the provinces and regions, Zhao Zeyong thought to himself.  In the United Provinces, if you want to take back your privileges, take them back. If you don¡¯t admit that what I¡¯m doing is legal, it doesn¡¯t matter. You don¡¯t need to admit it. Anyway, if you Italians dare to break the law in the future, they will be tried and executed immediately, and they will be dealt with strictly. What extraterritoriality is gone?  , at Qinzhou Port, we can collect taxes as we want, and we can collect as much tax as we want from anyone. If you say that the British have the final say in customs, you are just fooling around.  "I want to use illusory international standards to restrain Zhao Zeyong. I'm kidding. This is a Chinese warlord and doesn't talk about this."  The reason why foreigners' international standards can accommodate the Beiyang warlords and even the revolutionary government is because that system can bring benefits to these people.  Only by complying with international norms and gaining international recognition can governments from all walks of life in Beiyang receive customs taxes from the British.  The revolutionary government also wanted this tax.  But as for Zhao Zeyong, he prefers to take back the customs directly by force and become independent and self-reliant from the ground up.  Seeing that Zhao Zeyong could not be moved by the inducement of recognition of status, Britain and Italy began to threaten again, claiming that if the United Provinces did not release the prisoners of the two countries, the two countries would take larger-scale military operations. Zhao Zeyong responded tit-for-tat and said that the United Provinces had a large enough prisoner of war camp.  , welcome the troops of both countries.  Coercion did not work, and the two countries sought a compromise, saying that the United Provinces would release the prisoners, and Britain and Italy would lift the current blockade and promise not to continue taking military actions against the United Provinces.  Zhao Zeyong certainly hopes to lift the blockade. If the blockade is not lifted, Qinzhou Port will be a dead port. If the customs here are taken back, it will not be able to exercise its power. Moreover, the damage to the economy will be too great. In the international market, on the one hand, it is the joint province.  The prices of original automobiles, cosmetics, and market supplies have been rising all the way. On the one hand, products from other countries are quickly seizing the market in the province.  But so far, both countries have only conveyed their opinions through other countries, without anything in writing.  They promised not to use force against the United Provinces and to lift the blockade of the United Provinces. But what if they break their promise? After releasing tens of thousands of prisoners of war, they again arm the prisoners of war and send them to fight in China. If they do not lift the blockade, the United States will  Can the province bite them? Treaties with written words are still torn up and broken for a long time. What's more, this kind of verbal promise is still not made public and is only spoken by people. It is bullshit and worthless.  .  They must sit down and negotiate, and finally sign a treaty or agreement on the crossing, or let the two countries issue a statement to the world in newspapers, stating that they will never be enemies of the Chinese federal provincial government in the future, and that they will immediately lift the blockade on other parts of China.  , restore normal trade routes.  ¡°But asking the two countries to make such a public statement is probably even more unlikely than asking them to negotiate.  The two countries did not want to sit down and negotiate with the United Provinces. Why did Zhao Zeyong want to sit down with Britain and Italy? It was just that the two sides did not trust each other, so the issue of prisoners was in a deadlock for a while.
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